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© 8 ENTERTAINMENT TITLES
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AND THE ENVELOPE, PLEASE...
© GREAT PC GOLF
¢ GAME DESIGN SECRETS
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i
OF THE YEAR
HOT
WINDOWS STUFF
eAMIPRO 3.0
© MICROSOFT SOUND
Sy oheMi
“BORLAND
C++ 3.1
64/128 VIEW
Warning: This column contains
material that some Commodore users
may find disturbing.
Tom Netsel
here’s bad news for
Commodore users this
month: RUN magazine
is gone!
As | write this column in the
middle of October, I've just
confirmed that one of the
grand old magazines dedi-
cated to the Commodore 64
and 128 has ceased publica-
tion. The November/Decem-
ber 1992 issue of RUN is its
final edition.
“We tried our best. We
gave it a good fight,” said
Dennis Brisson, editor-in-
chief of RUN. “It was a diffi-
cult business decision to
make. We regret having to
leave. We've made a lot of
strong friendships in the
Commodore community.”
The decision to close the
pages on the IDG publica-
tion came shortly after the
November/December issue
went to press, Brisson said.
As a result, he was unable
to inform the readers of the
magazine's demise. In our tel-
ephone conversation, Bris-
son said that IDG, RUN's par-
ent company, would send a
letter to subscribers to in-
form them of the magazine's
termination and to make an
offer to fulfill outstanding sub-
scription obligations.
RUN closes its pages
with issue number 99 after
ten years of publishing arti-
cles, programs, and tips for
Commodore 8-bit owners. It
joins the ranks of Ahoy, Com-
modore, Transactor, and oth-
er publications that once
thrived in a robust market of
Commodore products, sub-
scribers, and advertisers.
But new products and adver-
tisers are in short supply in
a computer market dominat-
ed by IBM and a host of PC
clones. Trying to serve a ma-
ture Commodore market in
difficult economic times
proved to be less than prof-
itable for IDG, a large pub-
lishing company that special-
izes in computer-related mag-
azines.
Just a few years ago
when the 8-bit market was
the center of computer activ-
ity, RUN, then a monthly mag-
azine, peaked at 228 pag-
es. As interest in computers
tilted more in favor of MS-
DOS, RUN was forced to
cut its number of pages and
frequency of publication. In
its final stages, RUN was re-
duced to 64 pages, pub-
lished every two months.
Brisson, who with other
staff members will be assum-
ing new duties at IDG's Ami-
gaWorld magazine, said no
decision had been made as
to whether or not RUN
would maintain its area on
QuantumLink, the Commo-
dore-specific information
service. Managed by Tim
Walsh, the magazine's tech-
nical manager, the RUN ar-
ea has offered programs for
downloading, a message
base, and a variety of other
services. Brisson said he
would be talking with Q-
Link officials shortly. If the
section were to continue, Br-
isson said he felt that any
support he or Walsh could of-
fer would be limited.
RUN and Gazette were
competitors—we sought the
same advertisers and sub-
scribers. But in a time when
Commodore resources are
growing thin, | had hoped
that there would be room in
the Commodore community
for both of us. Over the
years, RUN provided its read-
ers with a wealth of informa-
tion about the Commodore
64 and 128, and | hate to
see it go. It'll be missed. 0
GAZETTE
64/128 VIEW G-1
After 99 issues, the presses stop at RUN magazine.
By Tom Netsel.
THANKS FOR THE MEMORY G-3
Take a look at RAM expansion units.
By John Elliott.
REVIEWS 6-8
Wild Streets, Custom Titles, Swap, and more.
WORLD VIEW G-14
The Commodore scene in East Germany.
By Matthias Matting.
FEEDBACK G-16
Questions, answers, and comments.
MACHINE LANGUAGE G-18
Use this program to read any file and count its bytes.
By Jim Butterfield.
BEGINNER BASIC G-20
Beware of the pitfalls that accompany INPUT.
By Larry Cotton.
D’IVERSIONS G-21
Get a divorce, leave home, or hold a garage sale.
By Fred D'Ignazio.
GEOS G-22
Software for serious GEOS users.
By Steve Vander Ark.
PROGRAMMER’S PAGE G-24
Peek hidden RAM, and more tips from readers.
By Randy Thompson.
PROGRAMS
Ancestry G-25
Calculease G-28
Directory Aid G-31
Cats and Mice G-32
Fastball G-36
The Automatic Proofreader G-39
JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE
GA
Tre 64 and 128 work
well with their limited
usable programming
space, but some programs
are simply too large to load
entirely into memory. Some
large programs, such as
PaperClip Ill and GEOS,
load sections as needed
from disk. This technique is
called virtual memory
because the information on
the floppy is treated as part
of the computer's memory.
Word processors often use
this technique with spelling
checkers, comparing the
document with a list of
words on disk.
The technique is far from
ideal because disk drives
are slow and, in the case of
the 1541, limited in size.
Disk access speeds can be
boosted with the use of
cartridges such as Final
Cartridge or chips such as
JiffyDOS, but there can still
be a lot of disk swapping
when using programs such
as GEOS and large
adventure games.
Imagine how much faster
parts of a program could be
accessed if they were in
memory chips rather than
on disk. Instead of the code
flowing from the disk
through the drive and its
serial cable to the CPU, it'd
be available for use almost
instantly.
That's the idea behind
RAM expansion units
(REUs). An REU is a
Thanks
For
‘The Memory
BY JOHN ELLIOTT
collection of memory chips
on an external cartridge that
plugs into a 64 or 128 and
lets you store thousands of
additional bytes of data in
RAM.
About the time that
Commodore introduced the
128, it made available three
REUs that function as fast
temporary disk drives: the
1700 (128K), the 1750
(512K), and the 1764
(256K). While the 1700 and
1750 were designed to
work only with the 128, the
1764 was created for the
64. The power supply for
the 128 is more powerful
than that of the 64 and will
support the load of these
RAM expanders, but the
1764 for the 64 comes with
its own heavy-duty power
supply.
The one problem with
these REUs is that Com-
modore didn't make enough
of them. The 1700-series
REUs are no longer made,
but they still turn up at swap
meets and used-computer
sales. Other REUs are still
available through a number
of dealers and sources.
Tenex, for example,
markets an REU called the
1750 Compatible.
Software
Compatibility
The 1700 series has its
own disk operating system,
which must be loaded from
disk. Because such an
operating system often
overwrites the memory
used by software, many
REUs are incompatible with
programs that haven't been
designed with an REU in
mind.
The 128 has a larger
collection of programs that
can use an REU than does
the 64. The graphics-
oriented programming
language, BASIC 8, can
store images in an REU.
Some 128 programs, such
as Digital Artist and
MasterPaint for the 128D,
use an REU to store either
fonts or graphics. Several
128 versions of word
processors, such as Fleet
System IV and Fontmaster
128, use an REU as a disk
drive, which allows for faster
spell-checking.
PaperClip Ill, Pocket
Writer Ill for the 128, and
GEOS for the 64 and 128
use the disk drive as virtual
memory. When the program
is larger than the capacity of
the computer, additional lay-
ers of the program are
loaded from disk, swapping
out unused parts. If the disk
is an REU, there is no
noticeable wait while disk
access. takes place.
ProTerm 128 uses an REU
as an extra text buffer.
Parsec has a graphic
adventure game for the
128D or modified 128 which
can use an REU. Newsmak-
er 128, a desktop publishing
program, also puts an REU
to good use.
BASIC programmers can
use LOAD and SAVE
commands if the REU is
treated as a second disk
drive. The 128 SWAP,
FETCH, and STASH com-
mands in BASIC 7.0 allow
direct use of an REU,
providing the user knows the
beginning and ending
memory locations of the
program to be transferred,
both in the computer's and
the REU's memory.
Cards and Cartridges
REUs connect via the
computer's cartridge port,
and they can share an ex-
tender card with other
cartridges. | first bought a
Navaronne cartridge holder,
which allows up to four
cartridges to be connected
at once, although only one
can be turned on at a time. |
subsequently bought an
Aprospand extender card,
which allows me to turn on
four cartridges at once.
Many cartridges, such as
Final Cartridge III, are not
compatible with REUs.
Other cartridges that are
primarily archival devices
can use the REU as a
second drive for copying
purposes. Some of these
include Super Card+, Super
Snapshot, and Maverick.
JiffyDOS has a DOS
wedge, a disk speed-up, and
a copy program on a chip.
the 64 and 128 and their drives, it does
not use the cartridge port. It can use
an REU for copying purposes.
GEOS
GEOS 2.0 for the 64 and 128
recognizes an REU as a RAM disk.
Many users place all the programs
and files they plan to use for a work
session in their REUs and only use
their floppy drive to store the results of
their work session. GEOS typically
takes about two minutes to load itself
into memory and its required files into
an REU. GEOS uses the REU to store
data that would frequently be
accessed through the floppy,
speeding up disk use.
The shadow RAM option uses an
REU to speed the action of the floppy.
A RAM reboot option allows rebooting
of GEOS after a computer reset, so that
whatever was in an REU is preserved.
GEOS will recognize the larger two
Commodore REUs but not the 1700.
Two third-party programs that allow
task switching between GEOS
applications and/or accessories
require that an REU be present.
GeoWizard allows movement from one
application or accessory to a second,
with an automatic return to the first
after the second’s closing. It will do
this across three disk drives and allow
access to accessories not normally
available from within that application.
GeoWizard requires at least a 512K
REU.
The other product, GateWay, per-
mits instant switching between any
two accessories and/or applications.
Switching among drives does require
changing floppies. GateWay with a
1700 REU allows task switching and
the use of three drives. With a 1764 it
offers a RAM disk but does not allow
switching or the use of three drives.
The 1750 offers a RAM disk, task
switching, and the use of three drives.
The 512K Barrier
The RAMDOS program that comes
with Commodore's REUs doesn't
recognize memory beyond 512K.
Extra memory isn't always helpful,
however. Some software works with
expanded REUs but doesn't
recognize the additional memory.
BASIC on a 128 works with up to one
megabyte of RAM. The Write Stuff
word processor will place files in any
REU, up to two megabytes. JiffyDOS
also works with expanded cartridges,
as will the Super Snapshot v5
cartridges.
GeoRAM
Berkeley, now known as GeoWorks,
sells GeoRAM, which is a 512K car-
G-4 COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
tridge that works on both the 64 and
128. Unlike the Commodore 1700 se-
ries, it does not require a larger power
supply for the 64. Normally, it works
only with GEOS. No other hardware or
software will recognize it.
Schnedler Systems’ Turbo Master
replacement CPU in a cartridge runs
many 64 programs, including GEOS,
at four megahertz instead of one meg-
ahertz. When placed on an extender
board, it will work with GeoRAM.
Turbo Master’s designer will soon
have a special device available that
will directly link the two cartridges.
Quick Brown Box
For several years Brown Boxes has of-
fered battery-backed cartridges that a
64 or 128 can load from and save to.
Quick Brown Boxes (QBBs), as they're
called, are REUs that contain battery-
backed nonvolatile RAM. They can
store dictionary and data files for fast
access, and they will also work on an
extender card. QBBs range in size
from 64K to 256K. The cartridge has a
reset button and a switch that allows
changes between 64 and 128 modes.
Most BASIC programs can be
saved to and run from the QBB, as
can some machine language
programs. Several programs have
been specifically designed to take
advantage of the box. A patch is
available that allows the Easy Working
spreadsheet to load from the QBB.
More recently, a spreadsheet program
was commissioned that not only
resides in the box but saves the
spreadsheet and data to the box.
There's also a 128 full-featured mo-
dem program. The QBB is compatible
with JiffyDOS and cooperates on an
Aprospand extender card with the
1700-series REUs. The most common-
ly used program in the QBB is proba-
bly The Write Stuff word processor, in
both 64 and 128 versions. While there
is a version for the 64K box, The Write
Stuff for larger boxes includes a
modest spelling checker. A larger
dictionary is accessible from an REU if
the QBB and REU are on an
Aprospand extender card. The Write
Stuff also uses the REU as a RAM disk
for saving and loading files, and
allows a reset so that the contents of
the REU remain intact.
The manager program for the QBB
allows partitioning so that, in addition
to storing programs, it will save and
replace whatever is _ being
programmed. The newest manager
also makes possible direct saving to
the box of whatever program is in
memory. A DOS wedge is also
present.
You can designate one program on
the QBB to load and run automatically
whenever the computer is turned on.
With this autobooting feature, my Write
Stuff is so easy to access that | use it
even for short notes. With its battery
backup on my 64, whatever | have
been typing with The Write Stuff
remains in memory when the comput-
er is turned off or loses its power. The
128 version allows the writer to save
files to the cartridge.
Since the QBB doesn't drain the
computer, the standard 64 power
supply is sufficient. | am able to carry
my typing between home and work by
simply carrying the cigarette
package-sized box in my jacket.
CMD RAM Devices
Creative Micro Designs (CMD) sells
RAMDrive and RAMLink, two devices
that allow several megabytes of
nonvolatile storage for the 64 and 128.
RAMDrive, like the QBB, is portable. It
inserts into the cartridge port of a 64
or 128, or it will cooperate with an REU
on an extender card. Although
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Code files including: WordWriter, PocketWriter, SpeedScript, PaperClip,
WriteStuff, GEOS, EasyScript, Fleet System and most others.
Supports drives # 8-30. New Backup (C128) and Format (1571/1581)
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eet
“Gazette Gallery,” where each month we present the —
very best in original 64 and 128 artwork,
So don’t waste another moment. Subscribe to- :
day to COMPUTE’s Gazette Disk and get 12 issues
for only $49.95. You save almost 60% off the single-
issue price. Clip or photocopy and mail completed _
coupon today. — Saat
_ Individual issues of the disk are available for
$9.95 (plus $2.00 shipping and handling) by writing
to COMPUTE, 324 West Wendover Avenue, Suite
200, Greensboro, North Carolina 27408.
YES! Start my one-year subscription
to COMPUTE’s Gazette Disk right away
for only $49.95.*
O Payment enclosed (check or money order)
Yes, save time and money! Subscribe to the Gazette
Disk and get all the exciting, fun-filled Gazette pro-
grams for your Commodore 64 or 128—already on
disk!
Subscribe today, and month after month you'll
3 Se OCharge OMasterCard O Visa
get all the latest, most challenging, and fascinating
Acct. No. Exp. Date
COMPUTE. Signature =
New on the Gazette Disk! In addition to the Name
programs that appear in the magazine, you'll also Nikos
get outstanding bonus programs. These programs, :
which are often too large to offer as type-ins, are Sta] ZIP/
available only on disk—they appear nowhere else. Province Postal Code
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programs published in the corresponding issue of
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Mail to COMPUTE's Gazette Disk, P.O. Box 3250, Harian, IA 51593-2430
“Residents of NC and NY, please add appropriate sales tax for your area. Canadian
orders, add 7% goods and services tax
As another Gazette Disk extra, check out
for several days without external
power. | have been able to carry two
megabytes of programs and files
between the computers at home and
at work with this cartridge.
RAMLink also has its own power
supply. An optional battery pack
allows retention of memory contents
for several hours during power
disruptions. RAMLink has a pass-
through port that accepts cartridges.
An REU port accepts RAMDrive,
GeoRAM, or the 1700 series. RAMLink
can be purchased with configurations
of up to 16 megabytes of storage
capacity.
Both devices use a special disk op-
erating system that permits most pro-
grams to use the RAM devices as per-
manent RAM disks. Most REUs work in
this way only when a program is de-
signed specifically for them. Two pro-
grams have been specifically devel-
oped for this special operating system
so that they will take advantage of the
CMD devices. The Write Stuff has a
CMD version that blends the speed of
its QBB version with the added fea-
tures of its floppy disk program. It also
recognizes the ability of the CMD de-
vices to create partitions and subparti-
tions. CMD has developed a version of
GEOS that will run from either device,
G-6 COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
recognize partitions, and allow you to
perform task switching.
In comparing the two units, be
aware that the RAMDrive is designed
for portability. Its current maximum ca-
pacity is two megabytes. The only car-
tridge | could get it to recognize on an
extender card was my REU. RAMLink
is not designed to be removed from
the computer once installed, and it will
recognize most of my cartridges. Its
capacity can be expanded up to 16
megabytes. Both devices will control
an REU, but when the computer is
turned off, REU memory is lost.
RAMLink controls the REU memory,
which becomes nonvolatile when the
two devices are connected.
The Right Unit
Obviously, this decision must take into
account what programs are most often
used and whether instant access is
important. My own rule of thumb is that
if | have to wait to load a program, |
will not use it daily. | use The Write
Stuff from a QBB every day. | do not
use GEOS that frequently. While | can
load GEOS instantly from the QBB, |
still have to wait two minutes to load
related files into my REU. | would also
have instant disk storage and retrieval
with RAMLink or RAMDrive. If | used
only GEOS, | would buy GeoRAM and
expand it. It does not require a special
power supply below two megabytes,
and it is the only RAM device that will
work with the Turbo Master CPU.
For my situation, one of the CMD
units looks very attractive. To decide
whether to choose RAMLink or
RAMDrive, | will still need to balance
off portability, compatibility with other
cartridges, and maximum potentia’
memory capacity.
The 128 has a large number o
available programs that use RAM
expansion. In addition to GEOS and
The Write Stuff, the 64 has severa
copy programs, cartridges, and
bulletin board systems that wil
recognize or reside within a RAM
device.
The CMD devices combine the fea-
tures of REUs with the permanence o!
the QBB. They also are compatible
with more programs, both as storage
mediums and as permanent RAM
disks, for the storage of virtually any
created files.
Availability may be a problem, but
cost shouldn't be when it comes to
using a RAM device. An investment
of between $50 and $300 for a RAM
device will upgrade your Commodore
to the point that you can challenge the
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REVIEWS
WILD STREETS
If you like karate, fighting a
variety of foes, and rescuing
kidnap victims, then grab
your joystick and get ready
for Titus's new action adven-
ture, Wild Streets.
Set in 1998, the action
takes place in and around
the wild streets of crime-rid-
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Your mission is to find Ste-
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You've been trained to ac-
complish difficult missions
at one of the nation’s most
hush-hush training acade-
mies. You're a master of se-
cret and lethal martial arts—
but don’t forget your trusty
.357 magnum. Even though
this is a single-player game,
you'll have another agent
working with you—a 180-
pound, eight-foot-long
black panther with a mind of
her own.
You can control your char-
acter with either a joystick or
the keyboard. By using com-
binations of fire button and
joystick movements, you'll
have quite an array of ac-
tions available: high jump,
right jump, left jump,
crouched punch, regular
punch, stomach kick, elbow
jab, head butt, uppercut,
high kick, stomach punch,
G8 COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
upward kick, right walk, and
left walk. It takes a while to
master the proper combina-
tions in order to take advan-
tage of your character's fight-
ing ability.
As my character walked
through the deserted
streets of the city with the
panther at his side, | prac-
r
r
r
rm
r
r
7"
r
F
helpful to prop the card
next to the monitor while |
was learning the game.
The game has a status
box that tracks the score
and the energy levels for
both you and the panther.
Just as you can't control the
pantherjs actions, neither
can you restore or conserve
In Wild Streets, you and a black panther take on drug lords and
arms dealers who have turned the city into a combat zone.
ticed his fighting maneu-
vers, As he punched, kick-
ed, and jabbed, the whole
scene reminded me of Mi-
chael Jackson's “Black or
White” video—but this pan-
ther doesn't change into a
human. This one is trained
to protect you. She slashes,
maims, and kills enemies
without any effort or control
on your part.
With the game, Titus in-
cludes a 28-page manual
that provides background to
the kidnapping and many of
the enemies. The manual
has few real tips for playing
the game, but it makes inter-
esting reading. The most
helpful item is a card that
lists maneuvering com-
mands for both the joystick
and the keyboard. | found it
her energy levels. As for
your own character, he'll ex-
pend energy every time he
fights or fires his gun.
You can conserve energy
by walking quietly between
encounters with the bad
guys. During a fight with a
gang leader or major ene-
my, the panther’s energy
bar becomes an indicator of
your enemy's strength. |
find it more helpful to know
the effect of my attack on
my foe than to watch the big
cat's energy level. After all,
| can affect the enemy's en-
ergy, but | can't do anything
about the panther's.
As you travel through the
various parts of the city, sev-
en gangs are out to stop
you. The gangs have color-
ful names like The Harlem
Headcrunchers and The
Happy Gravediggers, and
each is run by a particularly
tough leader. You'll have to
fight the leaders in order to
make progress. As you ad-
vance from level to level, the
riffraff opposing you be-
comes more skilled. In fact,
some are so powerful that
it'll take more than karate
chops to stop them. This is
the time to draw your gun,
A word about that weap-
on. Even though you can
use your .357 during fights,
it has only six bullets, so use
them sparingly. Watch for
more ammunition lying on
the sidewalks—I told you
this was a tough town! Each
ammo magazine you pick
up contains six more bul-
lets. In the long run you'll
find that your hands and
feet are the best weapons.
They won't run out of ammo
in the middle of a fight.
Once you've located and
rescued The Boss, your
task is only half-finished.
You still have to get him
back to safety. He's no
help, since he’s too weak
from captivity to defend him-
self. Wouldn't you know it?
This is when you'll encoun-
ter the strongest foes, too.
The color and graphics
on the Commodore are
good, but not as good as
the ones printed on the pack-
age. If you read the fine
print on the box, you'll see
that those graphics are
from the IBM and Amiga ver-
sions. The ones for the Com-
modore are much less de-
tailed, but the graphics still
make good use of color and
contrast.
The musical background
of the game certainly didn't
remind me of Michael Jack-
son's video. This one occa-
sionally sounds like a 45-
rpm record being played at
33%. For that reason, | feel
the music isn't quite up to
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REVIEWS
the standards of the rest of
the game. It isn’t a major dis-
traction for me; | simply turn
off the sound. Players who
like musical accompaniment
might find it a bit disappoint-
ing. On the other hand, they
may be like my son and get
so wrapped up trying to mas-
ter the game that they don’t
notice the flawed music.
Wild Streets is challeng-
ing. The multiple move-
ments require practice, and
increasingly strong enemies
force you to stay alert. Ina
time when more and more
software manufacturers
have abandoned Commo-
dore users, it's refreshing to
find a new game that offers
colorful graphics, multiple lev-
els, and hours of fast-paced
computer action.
MARTI PAULIN
Commodore 64 or 128—$39.95
TITUS SOFTWARE
20432 Corisco St.
Chatsworth, CA 91311
(818) 709-3692
Circle Reader Service Number 290
KEYBOARD
ANIMATION,
CUSTOM TITLES
All hackers, programmers,
and self-appointed comput-
er gurus exit here. These
two programs are not for
you—unless, of course,
you'd like to develop a pro-
gram that serves a function
similar to Keyboard Anima-
tion and Custom Titles.
When reviewers look at
software, they have to keep
in mind the target audience
as they consider whether or
not a program meets its in-
tended goals. If the review-
er is too far removed from
the target audience, he or
she runs the risk of misjudg-
ing the software. That's why
Dave Minnick writes reviews
of utility programs and so-
G10 COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
phisticated — simulations,
while | write about word proc-
essors and educational pro-
grams. That's why Dave,
with his more than ten years
of programming experience,
wasn't overly impressed
with the Andor House tutori-
als, Keyboard Animation
and Custom Titles.
lustrate what can be accom-
plished with the instructions.
What Radler does is ex-
ceedingly simple in con-
cept; maybe that’s why no
one has done it before. I've
often wished someone
would do this sort of thing
because it's what I—and
probably many others—
“bee
SOR
TOUCHE...
With Keyboard Animation, you learn how to create a variety of
action scenes with the graphics characters on the 64's keyboard.
Dave already knows this
stuff. On the other hand, I've
spent ten years at a key-
board using other people's
programs, and | was in-
trigued, tempted, and finally
educated in the program-
ming basics that these two
programs offer.
Custom Titles and Key-
board Animation lead you
through the steps involved
in creating two elements
that help make up success-
ful programs: title screens
and animated sequences.
To create these elements,
Don Radler, the program-
mer behind Andor House, us-
es PRINT statements and
the Commodore keyboard's
graphics keys. Each pro-
gram consists of a disk with
a text file that contains a
friendly article and instruc-
tions for using PRINT state-
ments and graphics keys to
create simple animations or
custom titles. Additional
files on the disks are exam-
ples of Radler’s work that il-
have needed to crack the
barrier of fear that separates
the informed user from the
beginning hacker.
In his documentation, Ra-
dler refers the user to his
sample programs. Pointing
to his examples, he explains
how he went about devising
the pertinent sections. The
best piece of advice he
gives, the keystone of the
process, is how to set up a
workable ‘“canvas" on
which to create an initial
drawing. Radler's method
calls for you to draw the fig-
ures first. You can actually
see what you are creating
with your PRINT statements
when you list the program.
Once you have the basic pic-
ture, Radler then tells you
how to add other elements
to enhance the drawing.
Adding the elements of
space, sound, and color
call for embedded charac-
ters in PRINT statements.
While these characters en-
hance the drawing, they al-
so distort the appearance of
your program listing. As Ra-
dler explains the process,
it's easy to understand, par-
ticularly for novices who
can't make the mental jump
from program commands on-
screen to what those com-
mands do when executed.
You can load, list, and
run the sample files on
each disk, and you can ex-
amine them thoroughly. You
can also play around with
them, learning what hap-
pens when you add a
POKE 53281,9 and lose the
drawing of a striped tiger
against a brown back-
ground.
In Keyboard Animation,
you see the gradual chang-
es that are needed to ani-
mate a sequence of still
drawings. You also learn
some programming short-
cuts that make the process
less tedious.
While | enjoyed Radler's ar-
ticles, I'd like to see him bor-
row some of the documenta-
tion from Keyboard Anima-
tion and add it to Custom Ti-
tles. In Keyboard Animation,
he tells you the most effi-
cient way to add color com-
mands, and that is some-
thing he should also have
included in the documenta-
tion for Custom Titles.
Along these same lines, |
wish he had included tables
that list the commands
which contro! color in
PRINT statements and the
color codes in POKE com-
mands which — control
screen backgrounds and bor-
ders. That would have been
the ultimate in handiness for
me. As it is, | had to scram-
ble for my Commodore 64
Programmer's Reference
Guide. My desire for color in-
spired this formidable feat of
motivation; I'd never even
opened that manual before.
There's nothing wrong with
having to do this, but includ-
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REVIEWS
ing those two tables would have made
the documentation complete.
| don't think anyone has written tuto-
tials for these simplest of programming
techniques before; | don’t suppose an-
yone thought there was a need. I'm
sure there are a lot of Commodore us-
ers out there who lack only a starting
point to begin programming.
The 64 is a great machine for learn-
ing. If you're new to programming,
you'll find that the Andor House tutori-
als, Keyboard Animation and Custom Ti-
tles, are great ways to learn about
these programming niches. Now, the
question that comes to mind is, How
many other tutorials can be devised to
cover other areas of programming? |
hope someone responds to this need—
maybe Andor House itself.
ROBIN MINNICK
Commodore 64 or 128—$4.95 each
ANDOR HOUSE
3907 SE Second Ave.
Cape Coral, FL 33904
Circle Reader Service Number 291
SWAP
Foiled again by tiny tiles and a time lim-
it—and I'm only on level 29! It's becom-
ing addictive. It's a game from Titus for
the 64 called Swap.
Swap's basic concept is simple:
Clear a playing board of colored tiles.
When you click on adjacent tiles,
those tiles swap position. The object of
the swap is to place tiles of the same
color next to each other. When you suc-
ceed in doing this, those tiles disap-
pear from the board.
Play gets even more challenging
when you reach level 15. A time limit is
introduced. Tiles are smaller, and obsta-
cles called credits make advancing
more difficult.
Even with the increasing difficulty,
Swap is simple to play. There's a short-
cut called an avalanche that helps you
complete a level. By clicking on the
avalanche feature, all remaining tiles
G-12 COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
drop down, Tetris-style, to fill any
holes on the screen left by removed
tiles. Of course, when tiles of the
same color fall adjacent to each other,
they disappear, clearing more board.
Swap monitors your performance as
you play. If you play well enough, you'll
move to the next level before you ac-
tually clear the board. Your progress is
indicated on the right side of the
screen in the form of stars. Stars are
awarded as you accumulate points. If
you earn eight of them, you'll advance
to the next level.
Click on the Quit icon at any time to
quit. This takes you to the summary
screen, where you can read your sta-
tistics for the last level played. From
this screen you can quit competition,
continue the level you were playing, or
go on to the next level. Naturally, the
next level will be available only if
you've earned your eight stars.
You're also given the option of sav-
ing a game. This is a great feature if
your goal is to reach the highest level
possible. By saving your game, you
can start out where you left off instead
of having to go back to level 1. Believe
me, if you're on level 45 and need to
leave the game, you don’t want to
come back and start all over!
When you find a tile sitting all by it-
self with no chance of disappearing,
that's the time to use a supplementary
tile. These are available on many of the
levels. By clicking on a supplementary
tile, you can pick it up and move it any-
where on the board. The point here is
to place the supplementary tile next to
an isolated tile of the same color in or-
der to remove it. If you use the
avalanche feature, you won't have
much need for supplementary tiles un-
til you reach the more difficult levels
and encounter credits.
Credits make the game harder.
They appear as stacks of silver, gold,
or diamond ingots on the bottom right
of the screen. The silver ingots are
worth 1 credit; the gold ingots, 10 cred-
its; and the diamond ingots, 100 cred-
its. At this point, making a single swap
costs you 2 credits, while removing a
tile from the board earns you 1 credit.
azette
Index
Everything’s included!
Features, games, reviews,
education/home applications,
programming, bugswatter,
feedback, and columns!
A superb interface includes pull-
down menus, help screens, and
keyboard, joystick, or mouse con-
trol. Features include super-fast
searching and sorting capabilities.
An options screen allows you to
choose text colors, drive number,
and input device. And there’s full
documentation on disk.
Choose from three modes of opera-
tion—browse for quick scanning,
view for detailed information and
descriptions, and edit for adding
items from upcoming issues—and
print to any printer. There’s even a
turbo-load option for maximum
disk-access speed.
ORDER YOUR
GAZETTE INDEX
TODAY!
(MasterCard and Visa accepted on
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To order, send $7.95 per disk, the
quantity of disks ordered, check «
or money order,* your name and
complete street address:
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*Please add $2 shipping & handling ($5 foreign) for
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and services tax)
All payments must be in U.S. funds. Please allow 4
weeks for delivery.
Therefore, if you make a swap that re-
moves two tiles, you have a net gain of
0. The computer will not allow you to
make a move if you can’t afford to
make it. Using a supplementary tile
now costs you 10 credits. And if you
use the avalanche feature, be pre-
pared to spend 100 credits!
This is the time to kick the gray mat-
ter into high gear and use logic. By the
way, there’s an undo feature on all lev-
els that allows you to go back and un-
do the last swap that you've made. It's
sort of a built-in lifesaver when your
goal is to clear the screen.
Swap gives you not only a competi-
tion mode but also a practice mode.
The practice mode is great fun on its
own. You can set it up any way you
want. When you choose the practice
mode, you receive a window of icons.
From there you can select the number
of colors you want, the shape of the
tiles, and whether or not you want any
of the extra features such as credits,
time limits, supplementary tiles, or the
avalanche. Here is a chance to pit
your mind against difficulties of your
own choosing. If you don't like what
you've chosen, you can go back and
set it up differently.
As you make your way through com-
petition mode, tiles become smaller.
Even though the colors and graphics
are good, it becomes harder to posi-
tion the pointer on the spot you want.
At one point, my joystick pointer was
larger than the tiles on the screen, mak-
ing placement tricky.
Although the scoring seems to be
quite involved, it isn’t explained in the
manual. So I'm not really sure just how
you should approach the game. Should
you try to fly through the screens and
move on to the next level as quickly as
possible, or take your time and use log-
ic? This choice is up to you. If all you
want is a challenge to test your mental
powers, then focus on exercising your
wits and use the practice mode to cre-
ate the challenge of your choice.
The manual says that the level you
proceed to is determined by your per-
formance on the previous level. It as-
sures me that if | play well, | can jump
straight to level 90 after level 1! That
has yet to happen. It may never hap-
pen in my lifetime. But if you want to
know where to find me, I'll be sitting at
my computer, trying to make that
swap that will send me to level 90!
CHERYL TURNEY
Commodore 64 or 128—$39.95
TITUS SOFTWARE
20432 Corisco St
Chatsworth, CA 91311
(818) 709-3672
Circle Reader Service Number 292 ia]
C64/128 PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE
REQUEST FREE CATALOG or send $2 for sample disk and catalog (RE-
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DISK MAGAZINES FOR 64 & 128
Great programs & articles from both sides of the Atlantic.
C64 ALIVE! is U.S. produced. LIGHT DISK and clubLIGHT are UK produced.
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C-64 or 128
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JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE
Unification hasn't
tumed East
Germany into a
paradise, but
it's not a bad place
G-14
for 64 fans.
WORLD VIEW
Matthias Matting
VIEW FROM EAST
GERMANY
If you hear or read about Ger-
many these days, you probably
remember the breakdown of
the Berlin Wall, right? But I'm
not writing about politics here
in Dresden, East Germany
(DDR); I’m writing about our lit-
tle Brotkasten, as we call acom-
puter in German, The word
means “breadbox" in English.
To give you some idea of
the 64 scene here in East Ger-
many, I'll first go into a little bit
of history of the DDR. | got my
first 8-bitter, a Sinclair ZX-81,
ten years ago in an Intershop
for the small price of DM (Ger-
man marks) 100. In Inter-
shops, you could buy all kinds
of Western items, for Western
currencies, of course.
East German computers
were produced, based on a
clone of the famous Z80 chip.
There were two series of
home computers. The first one
started with 16K of RAM and
was expandable to 64K, and
the second one had more ca-
pabilities for expansion. In the
final days of the DDR, a third
series was produced—a
clone of the Schneider CPC.
How about computer pric-
es? You had to pay at least
DDR-M (East German Marks)
3,000 for a computer with da-
tasette. A single double-sided,
double-density floppy disk
cost at least DDR-M 30. An av-
erage worker at this time
earned DDR-M 300 a week. If
you wished to buy a 64, it was
priced at DDR-M 4,000.
For better understanding of
the situation here, | have to
say that all the necessary
things of daily life were very in-
expensive, so nobody had to
feel hungry. In this situation,
it's clear that nobody ever
bought programs. They were
just too expensive. The only
possible way to afford a pro-
gram was to copy one and
COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
then make copies of that.
Well, the times changed. All
the events that you heard
about occurred, and now we
are in a united Germany.
There's only a small frontier be-
tween the East and the West.
Another kind of frontier still ex-
ists in the heads of the people
because of the different edu-
cation, experiences, and condi-
tions of life.
The average income in the
East is approximately 60 per-
cent of that in the West, but
that’s a great advantage for
the 64. Whereas the Amiga
dominates the market for
home computers in the West,
here in the East most of the
young people buy 64s. That's
why Commodore increased its
sales in Germany by 41 per-
cent in 1991. In all, it sold
about 160,000 64s.
Computers, peripherals,
and games are mostly sold by
mail order, but they're also
found in large department
stores. The least expensive
rate for a 64 with a disk drive
now is at DM 550. An average
worker now earns DM 500 a
week. Luckily for us, there are
many companies here produc-
ing peripherals. The most im-
portant products you should
know about are the Pagefox
desktop publishing module
with 100K of additional RAM,
Printfox, and Handyscanner,
the world's first scanner for the
64, There are also Videodig-
itzer, Genlock Interface, Pay-
TV Decoder, and so on.
In the software area, there
is a great interest in GEOS.
Our GEOS user club (GUC)
has about 2000 members! Sev-
eral products have been devel-
oped under the label of this
club. For example, we have
GEOS on EPROM (booting in
eight seconds), GEOS-LQ (las-
erlike printing for 9- or 24-pin
printers), and the new
TopDesk (supporting four
drives, four removable win-
dows, fast copying, subdirec-
tories, and much more). GUC
publishes its own magazine
called GEOS User Post,
which is produced with
GEOS. Every year, we have a
meeting where all the mem-
bers may participate.
Generally, there are few dif-
ficulties in getting foreign 64
products. Many distributors
are found in Germany, so we
can buy CMD's HD, RAMLink,
and RAMDrive here in Germa-
ny. The higher prices of these
devices in relation to compa-
rable Amiga products make
them a little bit unattractive for
the normal user to buy. A
CMD HD-20 hard drive costs
about DM 1,200 ($700).
Unfortunately, electronic
communication hasn't pro-
gressed here as it has in the
U.S. There are no great BBSs
for the users of home comput-
ers. Of course, you may call
mailboxes and so on, but only
10 percent of the users have
a modem.
| think the 64 users in Ger-
many can be divided into
three groups. First are the
game players who want their
machines to do more than just
play games. As time goes by,
they have to decide whether
to stay with their 64s or
change to larger machines.
Second are the demo pro-
grammers. They know their
computers very well, and are
the future programmers of
games and other programs.
Last but not least are the eld-
er users who are accustomed
to their 64s and who don't
want to leave them. Most of
them use their 64s for serious
applications, such as busi-
ness, and have learned that
nearly all is possible with 8-bit
computers. | think this mix of us-
ers guarantees the 64 a good
start into the next millennium.
| hope I've given you some
idea of what the 64 scene is
like here in East Germany. Ger-
many is not a paradise, but it
is a good place for the 64. 0
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Circle Reader Service Number 252
18% OFF ALL ITEM PRICES BELOW!) C-64 ## C-128
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+ Bks(119p)—-Cé4 or 128-Aeaz G/ $9.95, Bk/ 3+2
2 & Pack A-HarioBrew—SMar-SHar I1-SHar$
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Fun Graph Mach DeaotT+58 Fntst#R OP 3/ 642
+ ISAL/TIPB1 UT Coaborér/Capr te) etc. B/1243
05 Info-Prograaser's Kanual (8%p) +
GEIS "8 Docusentation (aigl—cterae) 3/802
+ KIV Bib-128 w/48-68 reader/printer +
Zeach of ausic, Aor B PSS, & gases 36/35+4
fAvailable-JIM HEH. COLLECTION. +/4 # C-16 # C-64
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Wainly, we have the PO Select Cosodore Library!
We've cose to HERE as RUN MAGAZINE PHASES UT! !
THANKS FOR HELPING US INTO OUR ‘THIRD’ YEAR!!
Circle Reader Service Number 163
~ maa ecrareacnese SrEP MmSoeP
Questions and
answers
about SpeedScrint
files, problems
with programs, and
more
G-16
FEEDBACK
(eR eS 5 RS eA
Wrong File Type
I've just started using Speed-
Script, and I’m running into a
problem. Whenever | type a let-
ter and print it to disk, the
next time | try to recall it, | get
a FILE TYPE MISMATCH error
message. Do | have a defec-
tive disk or what?
BOB CLARK
INDIANAPOLIS, IN
Whenever you create a docu-
ment that you want to save
with SpeedScript, you normal-
ly press f8 and enter a file-
name, SpeedScript then
saves the information in Com-
modore screen codes as a
program (PRG) file. To load
the file back into the word
processor, press f7 and enter
that filename.
Printing a file to disk is a to-
tally different procedure. To
print a file with SpeedScript,
press Shift+Ctrl+P simultane-
ously. At this point you'll see a
prompt asking if you want to
print to screen, disk, or print-
er. If you press D for disk and
supply a filename, your docu-
ment will be sent to the disk
as a PETSCII sequential file. If
you check the disk directory af-
ter the process, you'll see the
file has SEQ following it, indi-
cating that it’s a sequential
file.
Some of the SpeedScript
companion programs, such
as SpeedScript Justified, re-
quire sequential files. A se-
quential file is also a conven-
ient way to upload text to a
BBS. It can be read with any
sequential file reader or load-
ed into other word proces-
sors. You cannot load a se-
quential file directly into
SpeedScript, however. This is
why you're getting that partic-
ular error message.
Look on your SpeedScript
disk, and you'll find a pro-
gram called Sequential File
Converter. In addition to con-
verting SpeedScript files to
PETSCII and to true ASCII, it
COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
will also convert sequential
files into SpeedScript pro-
gram (PRG) format.
Bug-Swatters
| was excited to find Speed-
Spell—a newer, faster, friendli-
er spelling checker for
SpeedScript—in the October
1992 issue. | was disappoint-
ed, however, when | discov-
ered it was checking garbage
characters in my documents
when no such characters ex-
isted. After disassembling the
program, | think | have found
and solved the problem.
My version of SpeedScript
3.2, which is souped up with
Instant-80 (December 1987)
and SpeedScript Easy Cursor
(November 1989), saves doc-
uments starting at 10496
($2900). The original
SpeedScript 3.2 saves at
9472 ($2500), which is where
SpeedSpell assumes the text
begins. Alternate starting ad-
dresses weren't taken into ac-
count. The following fix will al-
low SpeedSpell to load
SpeedScript documents at
any starting address. It will
even load those written by
SpeedScript 1.0.
To fix SpeedSpell, load
and run it. At the menu, press
Q to exit. The 64 will cold
boot, but BASIC RAM will not
be erased. Enter the following
POKE statements in immedi-
ate mode.
POKE 2049,11; POKE 2050,8:
POKE 3907:0: POKE 3924,0: POKE
3926,37: POKE 45,123: POKE
46,24
Save this updated version of
SpeedSpell with a new file-
name.
CHARLES KUNZ
HOLBROOK, NY
Troy Smith of Austin, Texas,
informed us that Typewriter
Emulator in the October 1992
“Feedback” column has a
bug in it. Line 30 should be en-
tered as it appears below.
30 PRINT#4,A$;:GOTO 20
If you're still interested in type-
writer emulators, see the next
letter.
More Typewriters
Converting a 64 and a printer
into a typewriter might not be
worth the effort. The first com-
puter programming course
hat | took in college involved
lab work with such an arrange-
ment. Everyone in the class
hated the program—includ-
ing the instructor.
The following program
works, using the tab function
on most Commodore printers.
have an Epson MxX-80Ill
with a G-WIZ printer interface,
but the interface emulates the
ab function.
There is one problem with
this program: The printhead
ags one character behind
he keyboard. The last charac-
ter typed remains in the print
buffer until the next character
comes along to push it out.
EM 18 OPEN4,4,7
BS 20 PRINT#4,CHRS$(27)"@";
BA 3@ LM=5:RM=70
GQ 48 C=LM
QS 50 PRINT CHRS(14)"{CLR}
{3 DOWN} "TAB(C);
SC 68 CS=MID$(STRS(C) ,2)
JX 78 IF C<1@ THEN CS$="6"+CS
JE 88 GET AS:IF AS=""THEN 80
FE 98 IF A$=CHRS$(136)THENPRINT
#4: PRINT"<":CLOSE4:END
DX 106 IF AS=CHR$(32)THEN AS=C
HRS (160)
IF AS=CHRS(13)THENPRINT
#4:C=LM: PRINT"<": PRINT
{SPACE} TAB(C) ;:GOTO68
QR 120 PRINT#4,CHRS(16)CSAS;
EC 139 PRINTAS;
BD 149 C=C+1
CJ 150 IF C=RM-5 THEN PRINT#4,
CHRS (7);
IF C=RM THEN PRINT#4:C=
LM: PRINT"<": PRINT TAB(C
FR 110
RH 166
ve
RA 178 GOTO 6¢
IRVIN DUNLAP
BARTLESVILLE, OK
Reader to Reader
| recently acquired Mars Sa-
ga, an old game from Electron-
ic Arts. It's a great game, but
now that | am stuck, | hate it!
I've spent hours trying to fig-
ure it out. | wrote to EA but
was told the hint book is out
of print. Can any fellow Ga-
zette reader tell me where to
find one? Please put me out
of my misery.
ROBERT COWARD
102 LEVERETTE AD.
HOGANSVILLE, GA
Is there anyone who can tell
me where | can find a copy of
Kennedy Approach by Micro-
Prose for the 64? I've tried
everywhere over here and in
the U.K.
P. J, KIERANS
66 NEWFIELD ESTATE
DROGHEDA, COUNTY LOUTH
IRELAND
|_am one of the readers of
COMPUTE, and | like comput-
ers a lot. | have a 128 anda
disk drive. | know BASIC and
machine language. Because
| like to make friends over-
seas, | would like to have
some pen pals.
AHMAD HUSAM MUKHALALATI
P.O. BOX 21935
APEPPO, SYRIA
Saving Files
Is there an easy way that |
can edit an existing Speed-
Script file and resave it using
the same filename?
LINDA DONATH
LOS ANGELES, CA
Thomas Schaefer of St. Peters-
burg, Florida, wrote and told
us that he scratches the old
file from disk before he saves
the new version. Suppose
you have a SpeedScript file
called Letter that you want to
edit. When ready to resave it,
press Ctrl+T to enter the com-
mand line. Then type S:Letter
and press Return to scratch
the old version on disk. You
can then press f8 and save
the edited version with the orig-
inal filename.
A shorter way is to use the
SAVE WITH REPLACE (@)
command. When ready to re-
save the file called Letter,
press f8 and enter @0:Letter
on the command line. This
scratches the old version and
saves the new one with the
same filename. By including
the O after the @ symbol, you
eliminate the quirky bug that
once plagued the SAVE
WITH REPLACE command.
Device Number
For years I've been meaning
to write with a suggestion. |
have a problem with many of
your programs that provide
for disk access from within a
program. The device number
is almost always coded for
drive 8. | am sure you are
aware that there are many oth-
er drives available now and
many of us have more than
one.
lam a fairly proficient pro-
grammer, so | usually am
able to make the necessary
changes to your programs,
but | suspect many readers
are not able to do this. | wish
that all programmers would
be tolerant of any possible de-
vice number. Perhaps a bet-
ter solution would be to allow
the program to determine
which device is active. A pro-
gram with this feature would
be able to execute from any
valid storage device. Here's
an example.
5 DV=PEEK(186)
100 OPEN1, DV, 2,'0:"+A$+
“Pw
Memory location 186 for both
the 64 and 128 contains the
number of the last device ac-
cessed. This works unless oth-
er device such as a printer is
accessed before the loaded
program is executed. A simi-
lar routine in machine lan-
guage would also be easy to
implement.
Another simple way to let us-
ers select the device they
want would be to have a line
near the start of a program
such as the following. This
would let users make a sim-
ple change, if desired.
5 DV=9:REM DEVICE NUMBER IS 9
This statement would elimi-
nate the need to search
through the whole program
making changes in device
numbers. Permitting a pro-
gram to be adapted to a vari-
ety of possible hardware devic-
es should be the goal of all
responsible programmers.
BRAD DUMLER
ARLINGTON, TX
That's not a bad suggestion,
Brad, especially for programs
that save data to disk. What
with hard drives, RAM expan-
sion units, and a variety of flop-
py drives in use, drive 8 is not
as lonely as it once was. We
would encourage Gazette pro-
grammers to incorporate your
ideas about multiple device
numbers into their future pro-
gram submissions.
Clip Omitted
| agree totally with Dorothy
Hemme in “Word Processing
Without GEOS" (October
1992) that geoWrite is the
pits. | would like to inform her,
however, that there is another
great word processor from
Electronic Arts that she didn't
mention. PaperClip Ill is, par-
don the expression, the cat's
meow for the Commodore.
| had been using an old
copy, but when | tried this
new version, it just blew my
mind. File handling is a
breeze. It will support two
drives and a RAM cartridge.
It has a 40,000 word spelling
checker that can be expand-
ed to 50,000 on a 1541 and
100,000 on a 1571.
I've tried most of the word
processors that Dorothy sug-
gested, but I'll keep Paper-
Clip Ill.
OK, enough already. I'll go
away.
DAVE WASENDORF
DENVER, CO a]
Saving documents
with the same
filename, using
multiple
drives, and an
overlooked
word processor
JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE
G-17
G-18
Build a simple
program to
read any file and
count the bytes.
MACHINE LANGUAGE
Jim Butterfield
A SIMPLE FILE
COUNTER
Let's build a simple program
to read a file and count its
bytes. Directory listings just
give blocks, where a block
can hold from 1-254 charac-
ters. Thus, a ten-block pro-
gram could have between
2287 and 2540 bytes. At
times, though, it's nice to get
an exact byte count for a file.
Filecount will work on any
Commodore 8-bit machine. It
could be easily modified for ear-
lier machines, such as the PET
or CBM; the only difference is
in the location of the ST status
byte ($90 or 144 on the recent
machines, $96 or 150 on the ear-
ly ones). It works on program
(PRG), sequential (SEQ), and us-
er (USR) files. It won't give use-
ful results on relative (REL)
files, which need special code
to detect end of file.
The program gives you a bo-
nus: It identifies the last char-
acter on the file and tells you
how many characters of that
type are at the end. BASIC pro-
grams usually end with three
0 bytes. Data files typically
end with a single Return (char-
acter 13). And files received
from a communications link
may have quite a few pad char-
acters stuck on the end.
It's quite practical to open
and close files in machine lan-
guage, but programmers of-
ten avoid doing so. These two
actions are not time intensive
and are often easier to code in
BASIC. The BASIC portion of
Filecount asks for the filename
and opens the file as logical de-
vice 1. When the machine lan-
guage program has complet-
ed its work, it gives control
back to BASIC, which closes
the file.
The subroutines that we
use to read the file are as fol-
lows: $FFC6 CHKIN (connect
the input stream to file X),
$FFC9 CHKOUT (connect the
COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
output stream to file X),
$FFCC CLRCHN (clear input/
output streams to normal),
$FFE4 GETIN (get a character
from the input stream), $FFCF
CHRIN (same as $FFE4 for
file input), and $FFD2
CHROUT (send a character to
the output stream).
Since Filecount is con-
cerned only with reading a
file, it uses $FFC6 to connect
to the file, $FFE4 to read a char-
acter from the file, and $FFCC
to disconnect from the file. Stat-
us word ST, at $90, will be test-
ed to detect the end of file.
The program provides two
bytes for each of the two count-
ers (total byte count at $2050/
1 and number of times the last
character has repeated at
$2052/3). The last character
seen is also stored in memory
at address $2054.
Our program starts at hex
address 2000, decimal 8192.
First, it clears the counters
with LDX #0, STX $2051, STX
$2052, STX $2053. Register X
is still at 0, which we bump
with INX and then store the
last counter value with STX
$2050. That initializes the
byte counter to 1 instead of 0.
Logical file 1 was opened
earlier in the BASIC section of
the program. Register X still
contains a value of 1, so we
connect to this file with JSR
SFFC6. We read our first char-
acter with a call to $FFE4, and
store it at $2054, our last-byte-
received address.
At address $2018, we're
ready to start the input loop.
First, we check ST and exit if
we find a value other than 0,
and then LDA $90, BNE
$2041. At $201C, we read the
character and bump the byte
counter: JSR $FFE4, INC
$2050, BNE $2027, INC
$2051. We bump the last-char-
acter count: INC $2052, BNE
$202F, INC $2053.
Now we check to see if
there's a new last character:
CMP $2054, BEQ $2018. If we
don't branch back to the loop,
we have a different last char-
acter. STA $2054 logs the char-
acter, and then we reset the
counter with LDA #$00, STA
$2052, STA $2053. The Z flag
will always be set at this point,
so we branch back to the loop
with BEQ $2018.
If we detected end of file ear-
lier, we will have branched out
of the loop to address $2041.
There, all we need to do is dis-
connect the input stream and
return to BASIC. We do that
with a simple JMP $FFCC.
In the BASIC loader, the pro-
gram pokes the machine lan-
guage code into place. At line
300, it asks the user for a file-
name and opens the file.
OPEN is checked for validity
via the command channel;
any problem is reported at
line 330.
BASIC calls the machine
code with a SYS command; the
file work is done very quickly.
When it's over, the BASIC pro-
gram checks for errors at line
350. Then the file is closed, and
the statistics are read with
PEEK commands.
HP 106 DATA 162,0,142,81,32,14
2,82,32,142,83,32,232,1
42,86,32
QG 11@ DATA 32,198,255,32,228,
255,141,84,32,165,144,2
G8,37,32,228, 255
DATA 238,80,32,208,3,23
8,81,32,238,82,32,208,3
1238,83,32
RM 136 DATA 265,84,32,240,228,
141,84,32,169,8,141,82,
32,141,83,32
SE 120
CQ 146 DATA 240,215,76,204,255
AP 2G FOR J=8192 TO 8259
EJ 21G READ X:T=T+X
BP 226 POKE J,X
AE 23¢ NEXT J
AK 246 IF T<>8286 THEN STOP
XF 30@ INPUT "NAME OF FILE";FS
JQ 316 OPEN 15,8,15
BP 326 OPEN 1,8,3,FS
CS 336 INPUT#15,E,ES:IF E<>G T
HEN PRINT E$:CLOSE 15:8
TOP
SYS 8192
INPUT#15,E£,E$,E£1,£2:1F
{SPACE}E<>@ THEN PRINT
{SPACE}E$:CLOSE 15:STOP
JC 36G CLOSE 1:CLOSE 15
HQ 37@ PRINT PEEK (8272)+PEEK(8
273) *256; "CHARACTERS"
N=PEEK (8274) +PEEK (8275
#256
PRINT "LAST";
IF N>@ THEN PRINT N+1;"
CHARACTERS: ";
IF N=@ THEN PRINT " CHA
BH 346
SB 350
AE 38@
PF 390
FX 46¢
XR 416
RACTER: "
DC 42@ PRINT PEEK(8276) im]
The Gazette
Productivity
Manager
(Formerly PowerPak)
Harness the productivity
power of your 64 or 128!
Turn your Commodore into
a powerful workhorse, keep track
of finances, generate reports
in a snap, manage your
money in minutes—
all with the new 1991
Gazette Productivity
Manager! Look at all
your 64/128 Productivity
Manager disk contains.
ORDER YOUR
1991 GAZETTE
PRODUCTIVITY
MANAGER
TODAY!
GemCalc 64 & 128—
A complete, powerful, user-
friendly spreadsheet with all
the features you’d expect
in an expensive commercial package
(separate 64 and 128 versions are included).
Most commands can be performed with a single keypress!
Memo Card—Unleashes the power of a full-blown
database without the fuss! Nothing’s easier—it’s a
truly simple computerized address file. Just type in
your data on any one of the index cards. Need to edit?
Just use the standard Commodore editing keys. (MasterCard and Visa accepted on orders with subtotal over $20).
Finished? Just save the data to floppy. What could be |
easier? DYES! please send me __ Productivity Manager disk(s)
. A A ($14.95 each),
Financial Planner—Answers all of those questions Subtotal
concerning interest, investments, and money manage-
ment that financial analysts charge big bucks for! You
can plan for your children’s education and know
exactly how much it will cost and how much you need
to save every month to reach your goal. Or, decide
whether to buy or lease a new car. Use the compound
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Sales Tax (Residents of NC and NY please add appro-
|
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interest and savings function to arrive at accurate
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priate sales tax for your area. Canadian orders, add
7% goods and services tax.)
——— Shipping and Handling ($2.00 U.S. and Canada, $3.00
surface mail, $5.00 airmail per disk.)
—_— Total Enclosed
— Check or Money Order — MasterCard —_ VISA
Credit Card No.
Signature
estimates of how your money will work for you.
Compute the answer at the click of a key!
(Required)
Daytime Telephone No.
Name
Address
City
State/ up/
C—O
Send your order to Gazette 1991 Productivity Manager,
324 W. Wendover Ave., Ste. 200, Greensboro, NC 27408.
DON’T MISS OUT ON THIS
POWERFUL WORKHORSE!
Beware of the
many pitfalls that
Can accompany
the INPUT command.
G-20
BEGINNER BASIC
Larry Cotton
HOW ABOUT
SOME INPUT?
Happy New Year! As prom-
ised earlier, I'll continue in my
backward-looking mode for
the next few columns. This
month, we'll review one of the
most basic of BASIC state-
ments: INPUT. Like GET and
WAIT, INPUT is a command
that acts as an interface be-
tween the computer and the us-
er; it waits for him or her to
type something. Unlike GET
and WAIT, however, INPUT
adds a prompt in the form of
a question mark and a blink-
ing cursor—and requires the
user to press the Return key.
Here's INPUT at its simplest.
10 INPUT NS
If you enter this and run it,
you'll notice something very
quickly—it's not user-friendly.
The only thing it prints is a
question mark followed by the
cursor. Sure, it works; just
type something and press Re-
turn. (I recall several comput-
er novices—including my-
self—dutifully typing whatever
INPUT was asking for and
then sitting back, expecting
that the program would know
that we'd finished typing. The
only way it knows is for you to
press Return.)
Now enter PRINT N$ and
press Return. You'll see an ex-
act duplicate of what you've
typed. N$ is a string variable,
which means that each charac-
ter in the string is treated liter-
ally. That is, if you’d entered
numbers rather than letters,
they would've been treated
just like letters—they can’t be
added, subtracted, multi-
plied, and so on. Incidentally,
N$ will store that literal string
of characters in memory until
you replace it with some oth-
er information or turn off the
computer.
With a little effort on the pro-
COMPUTE JANUARY.1993
grammer's part, INPUT can
be made much friendlier. Try
adding a prompting phrase be-
tween INPUT and N6$, as in
the following example.
10 INPUT“ YOUR NAME”;N$
Now INPUT takes on a much
friendlier face. Please note
the semicolon between the
last quotation mark and the
string variable, and the fact
that the question mark is part
of INPUT itself.
There are still some glaring
downsides to INPUT. One is
that, without additional pro-
gramming, the user can
move the cursor anywhere on
the screen, even scrolling com-
pletely out of view. The sec-
ond thing that | dislike about
INPUT is that the Run/Stop
key becomes inoperative; you
can't debug a faulty INPUT
statement by pressing it. On
the other hand, the Clr/Home
key is quite alive and well.
Press it (shifted), and the en-
tire screen goes blank. It can
be frustrating when your
prompt disappears. Let's re-
write the above line.
10 INPUT‘WHAT CAN |
COPY”;N$:PRINT‘(2
spaces)”N$
Try entering several words or
characters, pressing Return af-
ter each. Whatever you type
each time will be printed be-
low it. However, if you move
the cursor, the only thing that
the variable N$ will become is
whatever's on the line with the
cursor. Run the program
again, enter ABC, cursor
down a couple of lines, then
enter XYZ, and press Return.
You'll find that N$ contains on-
ly XYZ.
Circumventing all these pit-
falls takes quite a bit of addi-
tional programming. | cov-
ered that in the “Beginner BA-
SIC” columns of September
and October, 1991. If you
need a longer prompting line,
such as ENTER YOUR BIRTH-
DAY IN YY/MM/DD FORMAT,
you may wish to combine
PRINT and INPUT.
10 PRINT“ENTER YOUR BIRTH-
DAY IN YY/MM/DD FORMAT”
20 INPUT B$
This looks somewhat awk-
ward, because the question
mark falls on the line below
the prompting statement.
Another pitfall of INPUT is
that it's pretty fussy about
what's entered. String-varia-
ble INPUTs spit out the confus-
ing EXTRA IGNORED error
message whenever they en-
counter a colon or comma
(but periods and semicolons
sail right through). On the oth-
er hand, INPUT will accept an-
ything if it's enclosed in quo-
tation marks. Of course, your
typical user wouldn't be ex-
pected to know or use that
fact. Without additional pro-
gramming, a simple numeric-
variable INPUT (such as /N-
PUT N) would announce the
equally cryptic REDO FROM
START error message if the us-
er should enter anything but
numbers.
I'll leave you for this month
with a simple trick that sup-
presses the question mark
that is part of INPUT. This
lets you enter your prompting
phrase as a statement rather
than a question.
10 POKE19,64
20 INPUT {CLRYDOWNJENTER
YOUR FIRST NAME: ”;N$
30 POKE19,0
40 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT“IS YOUR
NAME ACTUALLY "N$‘‘?”
Using this method, you must
enter something other than
just Return. Poking a 64 to reg-
ister 19 temporarily suppress-
es the question mark that nar-
mally follows; poke 0 to the
same register to restore the
question mark to normal. ©
D'IVERSIONS
Fred D'lgnazio
CRAZY FRED’S
HIGH-TECH
GARAGE SALE
Have you ever wanted to
make some money quickly?
You might consider holding a
high-tech garage sale.
My family and | recently
moved from our old house on
one side of East Lansing, Mich-
igan, to an even older house
on the other side of town. As
always, the move was extreme-
ly painful for me. | am an incred-
ible pack rat, and moving to a
new house forces me to face
all the odds and ends that |
have packed away, year after
year. Even worse, | have to de-
cide their fate!
My son, Eric, coined a
name for all these precious
items. He calls them jonque (it
rhymes with chonk).
Eric, another pack rat,
claims that he and | are ingen-
ious in the ways we find to
squeeze jonque into itty-bitty
spaces—all over the house.
Eric calls this technique jon-
que compression. After jon-
que compression, the jonque
stays the same size, but by find-
ing just the right cubbyhole, a
jonque expert is able to fit an
incredible amount into the
same old house.
The jonque compression is
successful if it meets the follow-
ing criteria.
1. The jonque apparently
seems to vanish.
2. You immediately forget
that you ever had the jon-
que.
3. You're happy, since you
didn’t have to throw the jon-
que away.
4. Your spouse or parents
have no idea how much jon-
que is accumulating invisi-
bly around them.
If you are an especially
skilled jonque compressor,
this feeling of bliss can contin-
ue for years. But one day your
bliss bubble has to pop, and
then the jonque suddenly de-
compresses and tumbles
back into your life.
In my case, the problem is
magnified because not only
do | collect the normal kinds of
jonque—old magazines,
books, T-shirts, mugs, and
posters—but | also collect com-
puter jonque. In fact, | might
be one of the world’s leading
collectors of computer jonque.
I've thousands of disks with
old programs, freeware, share-
ware, vaporware, la-la-ware.
You name it; I've saved it.
I've got old computer parts:
floppy drives, tape drives,
backup tape drives, hard
drives, CPUs, digitizers, mon-
itors, printers, and keyboards.
And it gets worse—far
worse. | guess the whole dirty
truth must now be told. | don’t
just collect computer jonque.
| also collect multimedia jon-
que: cameras, eyepieces,
viewfinders, dusty old speak-
ers, miniature musical key-
boards, tiny tape recorders, an-
cient VCR decks, portable
phones, and prehistoric Radio
Shack TV sets. Add to the list
batteries, AC adapters, used
cassettes, wires, and cables.
Cables? I've got computer ca-
bles, lots of cables, truckloads
of cables, mountains of ca-
bles. I've got big cables, little
cables, fat cables, skinny ca-
bles, even mystery cables
that have weird little ends that
don’t make sense. (What did
they come out of? Where did
they go?) And you know? |
think my cables have babies.
Male cables get with female ca-
bles and have adapters.
Having these deep-seated
addictions must inevitably
lead to one of three outcomes:
1. You get a divorce.
2. You run away: from home.
3. You hold a high-tech ga-
rage sale.
| chose option 3 recently, and
it was a resounding success.
| want to report that it saved
my marriage and my sanity.
My assistant, Joanne,
placed ads for a high-tech
garage sale in all the local pa-
pers and weekly shopping
guides. She also printed fliers
on our home computer (the
one we wanted to keep), and
we hung them on every store,
dormitory, and gas station
bulletin board within a three-
mile radius of our home. We
uploaded ads via modem on-
to every electronic BBS that
we could reach. We painted
homemade signs and tacked
them onto telephone poles at
every major intersection near
our home. We offered free
soda pop to every customer
who made a purchase at our
sale. Last, we hired two hardy
teenagers (Joanne and Tim)
to run the sale along with my
son Eric.
On the morning of the sale,
Eric, Joanne, and Tim
showed up at 7:00. Their first
customer was waiting at the ga-
rage door. The rest is history!
Two days later, we said good-
bye to our last customer and
rolled down the door. We had
started the sale with ten eight-
foot tables piled high with
disks, computer parts, cables,
clothes, and baby furniture.
We finished the sale, 200 cus-
tomers later, with a mere eight
grocery bags of stuff that we
gave to the Salvation Army.
| ran around the driveway
during the sale pretending |
was Crazy Fred—as in Crazy
Fred's High-Tech Garage
Sale. | gave away free soda
pop. | greeted customers. |
wore my pink hat that says Hol-
lywood on the front. And | vid-
eotaped the entire event—
including the memorable
scene where a dozen people
were bickering and bargain-
ing over my prize cables.
What a sale! What a show!
And we even made money. ©
JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE
A pack rat must
eventually do one of
three things: get
a divorce, run away
from home, or
hold a garage sale.
G-21
software packages
G-22
that no serious
GEOS user should
be without.
GEOS
Steve Vander Ark
ULTIMATE GEOS
(PART 3)
Last month, | outlined my dif-
ficulty in trying to find the per-
fect file manager software to ac-
company my ultimate GEOS
system. | have hopes for
geoShell and its promise to
handle four drives and native
mode partitions. Unfortunate-
ly, [haven't received a copy of
the program for testing yet. So
while I'm waiting for geoShell,
I'l check out the rest of my soft-
ware choices.
Probably the best applica-
tions for GEOS are the ones
put out by GeoWorks itself.
GeoWrite, for example, has no
serious competitors for the
word-processing prize. There
are no other spreadsheet pro-
grams around for GEOS, so
geoCalc is a shoo-in, There
are a few card-file databases,
but they can’t hold a candle to
geoFile.
The release of geoCanvas
by Creative Micro Designs
has given graphics aficiona-
dos an exciting alternative to
geoPaint. When it comes
down to it, though, geoCan-
vas is more of an add-on pro-
gram than a replacement. Nei-
ther program has all the fea-
tures a serious graphics user
needs, but that's OK. Their
files are compatible, and it's
not hard to skip back and
forth between them. As for
desktop publishing, geoPub-
lish has no equal. Its one draw-
back is that it works only in 40-
column mode, but even with
that limitation, it's a marvel.
Once you've picked up all
the official GEOS products,
you'll still need several addition-
al packages. Here's a list of
what | feel are essentials.
GeoWizard. It's hard to find
an accurate description of
geoWizard. Jim Collette, the au-
thor, calls it the “ultimate
GEOS utility,” and he’s right.
GeoWizard is almost a minia-
COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
ture operating system that’s
available at a click of a mouse
from nearly anywhere in
GEOS. GeoWizard temporari-
ly suspends whatever applica-
tion you're running and offers
a menu of choices.
There are several great op-
tions, but the one that makes
geoWizard so incredible is a
dialog box that lets you run
any application on any active
drive, straight out of your orig-
inal application. When you
quit the new application,
you're returned to where you
left off in your first task. This
task-switching ability quickly
becomes indispensable.
Minidesk. This desk acces-
sory is bundled with geoWiz-
ard. When you call it up from
within an application, you're
presented with a control pan-
el that lets you rename or
erase files, or copy them from
drive to drive. For instance, if
you have a current word proc-
essor document in an REU,
you can copy it to a physical
drive for permanent storage.
Perfect Print. Sure, GEOS
can do some nifty graphics,
and proportional GEOS fonts
make your writing look more
professional, but you're still
stuck with jaggy printouts.
That's all changed, thanks to
GEOS LQ, the geoWrite print-
er routine found in the Perfect
Print package. The collection
of high-definition fonts that
GEOS LQ uses prints almost
as smoothly as a laser, even
from a lowly 9-pin printer.
Scrap Can. If you use graph-
ics, you'll need this small utili-
ty that’s part of the geoCanvas
collection. It provides you
with a preview of any geoPaint
page, from which you can
copy any portion as a photo
scrap. Other programs will do
this for you, but none as well
as Scrap Can. After creating
your photo scrap, you can
open another geoPaint docu-
ment and paste it in wherever
you like. Even if you don’t
think you need another paint
program, you'll want geoCan-
vas just to get Scrap Can.
Conversion programs. You
probably use GEOS for just
about everything, but not
everyone does, It's important,
therefore, for GEOS to get
along with the rest of the Com-
modore world. Data files from
other programs—graphics
from The Newsroom, for exam-
ple, or text files from
SpeedScript—have to be ac-
cessible and usable for
GEOS applications. Conver-
sion programs let you reach
out and grab nearly every va-
riety of graphic or text data
around, including some non-
Commodore types.
For graphics, you'll want
Graphics Grabber, Import Run-
ner, Graphic Storm, MacAt-
tack Il, and geoGIF, to name
a few, Text files require Text
Grabber or Wrong Is Write.
And, of course, to transmit any
GEOS file via modem, you
need Convert 2.5 to change
the file into Commodore DOS
format and back again.
GeoTerm. The only major ap-
plication not included with
GEOS is a terminal program.
GeoTerm, an excellent offer-
ing from RUN magazine's Pow-
er Pack II disk, nicely fills the
gap. OK, it's not the best termi-
nal program ever written, but
it runs under GEOS, has the
Convert utility built in, and has
a surprisingly large buffer to
boot. For people like me who
are loathe to leave the world of
point and click for the boring
command line of Commodore
DOS, geoTerm is perfect.
So that's it, right? The ulti-
mate GEOS system? Hardly. U/I-
timate means ‘the best there
can be," and frankly, that
term will be up to every user
to define. As a matter of fact,
| don’t own all the fancy equip-
ment I've discussed, but my
GEOS system does every-
thing | want, and that’s about
as ultimate as | need. oO
Roquires:
Print Shop
Version 2.0
Over a 140
new ways
to Createa
Western
Style with
your
Commodore
64/128
Computer
or
Print Shop
V1.0 with the
Companion
Graphics, Borders, and Fonts for the Print Shop -
or
Print Shop
V1.0 whh the
Holiday
Edition
weet
Uses the
‘same printer
‘as your Print
Shop. Side A
of Sido B
WESTERN
HERITAGE
Wa tke (US nds)
‘Check, Money Order,
Masior Card of Visa
509-276-6928
pice Seto,
OR ee me Trademarks of
Broderbund
Version for the Commodore 64 Includes 9 Pin and 7 Pla Printers, ‘Soniaic,
Create a Total Western Environment with 143 designs
90 Graphics, 42 Borders and 11 Fonts for the Print Shop.
+ Invite Your Friends to a Western Birthday Party, Bar-B-Q or Card Game.
* Instructions to make 10 Gunfighters of the Old West, Wanted Posters.
«Designs for over 50 Western Business Activities and Club Events.
* Make Posters for, Horse Shows, Rodeos, Hay Rides, Cattle Drives.
«Kids write Secret Messages to friends with Authentic Indian Symbols,
+ 143 Designs of Gunfighters, Horses, Cattle, Brands, Waggons, Rope,
Saddles, Horse Shoes, Indians all with Borders and Fonts to match,
f AS j rth I
REZ
NS td We GRAPHICS ™
Horse Feathers Graphics, N. 27310 Short Road, Deer Park, Wa. 99006-9712
BBG RAM
Battery Back-up
Ram Disk for
GEOS 2.0 and
GEOS 128, 2.0
* Magnitudes faster than any floppy or
hard drive
* 2MEG model has capacity of TEN 1541's
* Includes GEOS application to select one of
up to five 1571's
* Reboots GEOS from BBG Ram quickly and quietly
¢ Supplied with wall mount power supply and
battery cable and holder
¢ Automatically detects power out and switches
to back-up mode
¢ Activity light indicates access
* Battery used only when wall mount AC power
SOFTWARE CLOSEOUTS
For Commodore 64 & 128
Curse of Azure Bonds, Hillsfar, B-24,
Pool of Radiance, Roadwar 2000,
Heroes of the Lance, Dragons of
Flame, or Pro-Tour Golf.
MICROPROSE ssssssssssssssssss $14.50 EACH
Destroyer Escort, Netherworld, Rick
Dangerous, Spitfire Ace, Hellcat Ace,
Solo Flight, Stunt Track Racer, F-15
Strike Eagle, Airborne Ranger
PSI 5 Trading Company, Law of the
West, Comics, Killed Until Dead,
Hardball, Dambusters, Ace of Aces,
Fight Night, or Jet Boys.
Alcon, Arkanoid, Arkanoid |!, Bubble
Bobble, Qix, Operation Wolf, Rambo
Ill, Rastan or Renegade.
Mastertype/Writer Bundle, Perfect
Score SAT, Gauntlet 2, Bop 'n Rumble,
Color Me, Into the Eagle's Nest,Indoor
Sports, Boston Computer Diet,
Songwriter or Golden Oldies.
ELECTRONIC Z00 20 GAME PACK $14.50
WOWI! LESS THAN $1 PER GAMEIIIIIL
Includes: Battlefield, Skatin’ USA, Gun
Fighting, Cross Fired, Spooky Castle, Death
Race, Snowball in Hell, Globe Trotter,
Periscope Up, Killing Machine, Super Kid,
Hobgoblin, Cave Mania, Zoomerang,
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League Challenge & Super Kid in Space.
WE HAVE LOTS MORE C-64/128 PLUS
TONS OF SOFTWARE FOR IBM, APPLE,
MAC, AMIGA, ATARI & MORE!
COMPSULT
P.0, BOX 5160
SAN LUIS OBISPO
CA 93403-5160
Under Fire, Ripper!, Tsushima, Stocks
& Bonds, Dr. Ruth, Parthian Kings,
Jupiter Mission 1999, T.A.C., Maxwell
Manor, Statis-ProBaseball,GulfStrike,
Guderian, Mission on Thunderhead,
Super Sunday, or Panzer Jagd.
INFOCOM BARGAINS .o.sssss.4.$5.00 EACH
Starcross, Suspended, Zork 2 or 3, Deadline.
DSURPE SPORTS BUND
Superstar Ice Hockey, Superstar Soccer, 3-D
Pinball, Billiards, $ 1, Shooting Gallery,
Crazy Pool, Foosball, Bowling, Darts, Air
Hockey, & Ping-Pong!!! GREAT PACKAGE!!!
Includes: Mutants, F.I.S.T., Tau Ceti,
Uridium, Tai-Pan, Cyrus Chess, Army
Moves, Demolition Mission, Doc the
Destroyer & Bad Street Brawler.
THREE-SIXTY BARGAINS .......85 EACH
Warlock, Dark Castle or Thud Ridge.
Batman Caped Crus: Robocop,
Batman the Movie, Bad Dudes, or
Monday Night Football.
Castlevania, Double Dribble or Metal Gear
Heat Wave, Harmony or Steel Thunder.
TO ORDER: Send check or money order, includin
shipping charges of$5 for U.S.A, $8or Canada, $12
others. California addressesmust include 7.25% sales
tax. Toreceive our complete catalog of over 2,000items
{or all computer types, send $2 in cash or postage
stamps. The catalogs FREE with any order. To check or
anitem not listed here, cal (805) 544-6616,
VISA/MC ORDERS CALL TOLL-FREE
1-800-676-6616
Credit Card Orders Only!!! ! ($25 minimum)
Circle Reader Service Number 220
and cable supplied
BBU
Battery Back-up
Interface
Module for
Commodore
17xx REU’s and
Berkley Softworks’
GEORAM 512
Reset button without data loss
Activity indicator light during access
Battery low voltage indicator
Wall-mounted power supply and battery holder
GEOS compatible, allows reboot to GEOS
Automatic battery back-up, no switches to push
Battery powers unit only when AC power off
BBU supplies power to 17xx REU’s and GEORAM.
Commodore heavy power supply not required
FOR INFORMATION CALL $hQ°°
Supply off 1-518-436-0485
MODEL 512 1 MEG 2 MEG
$CALL $CALL $CALL GEOS registered Trademark of Berkley Softworks, Inc.
CG Please Add:
e PER FORMAN CE 5 Upper Loudon Road U.S. $6.00 S&H
PE AIP En Ce Re AS ISekSitne: Loudonville, New York 12211 Canada $10.00 S&H
$4.00 C.O.D.
Circle Reader Service Number 153
Peek hidden RAM,
add FAST and
SLOW commands to
your 64, and
convert decimal
to hex.
G-24
PROGRAMMER’S PAGE
Randy Thompson
MORE GREAT TIPS
Here are some great program-
ming tips from our readers.
Super Peek
There are 16K bytes of RAM
hiding beneath the 64's ROM:
there are 8K at 40960-49151
($AO00-$BFFF) and another
8K at 57344-65535 ($E000-
$FFFF). These two blocks, un-
touched by BASIC, make ide-
al locations for storing data
such as sprite definitions or
bitmapped screens. The
most convenient way to ac-
cess memory via BASIC is
with the POKE and PEEK com-
mands. While you can poke
values into either of these two
memory blocks, you cannot
peek values stored here. The
only values you can read
from 40960-49151 and
57344-65535 using PEEK are
those stored in ROM, not the
underlying RAM.
This program wedges itself
into BASIC so that every time
you peek a ROM address,
the PEEK function temporarily
switches out ROM, reads the
underlying RAM, and returns
the byte value stored there by
a previous POKE command.
GH 10@ REM SUPER PEEK
BP 11@ FOR I=688 TO 755:READ D
:POKE I,D:C=C+D:NEXT
IF C<>8212 THEN PRINT "
ERROR IN DATA STATEMENT
S":END
FJ 13@ SYS 686
DM 144 DATA 160,265,146,17,3,1
60,2,146
FP 156 DATA 18,3,169,76,133,12
4,169,191
MG 168 DATA 133,125,169,2,133,
126,96,201
DJ 176 DATA 194,208,2,169,183,
201,58,144
RK 186 DATA 1,96,76,128,0,32,2
47,183
XE 190 DATA 164,20,165,21,146,
228,2,141
AM 200 DATA 229,2,162,53,126,1
69,47,133
DE 210 DATA @,134,1,172,228,2,
162,55
AH 226 DATA 126,133,6,134,1,88
,169,0
PX 238 DATA 76,145,179,0
BJ 120
This program makes access-
ing hidden RAM much easier.
A. S. BHAGWANDEEN
MARABELLA, TRINIDAD
COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
Faster 64
There are several hacks out
there that effectively double
the computer's speed by ac-
tivating the 128’s FAST mode
while running the 128 as a
64. None, however, are as el-
egant as the one listed below.
After running the following
128 64-mode program, you
can activate FAST mode sim-
ply by using the previously
128-only command, FAST. To
disable FAST mode, just exe-
GD 1060 REM 64 MODE FAST AND SL
cx 1106 an I=828 TO 976:READ D
:C=C+D:NEXT
SC 120 IF C<>15@57 THEN PRINT
{SPACE}"ERROR IN DATA S
TATEMENTS”: END
PP 138 SYS 945
QX 146 DATA 160,1,177,122,201,
78,240,7
MP 15@ DATA 201,83,240,54,108,
224,3,208
RP 160 DATA 177,122,201,65,240
13,76,72
PS 176 DATA 3,206,177,122,201,
83,240,3
KB 180 DATA 76,72,3,200,177,12
2,201, 84
XA 190 DATA 246,3,76,72,3,32,1
15,08
QA 280 DATA 32,115,6,32,115,8,
32,115
CA 218 DATA G,169,3,141, 48,208
176,72
XX 220 DATA 3,234,200,177,122,
201, 76,240
HX 236 DATA 3,76,72,3,200,177,
122,201
QQ 240 DATA 79,240,3,76,72,3,2
00,177
JD 250 DATA 122,201,87,240,3,7
6,72,3
ER 260 DATA 32,115,0,32,115,@,
32,115
QH 270 DATA G,32,115,6,169,0,1
41,48
BP 280 DATA 208,76,72,3,234,17
3,8,3
XX 290 DATA 201,60,248,21,141,
224,3,173
FB 3G DATA 9,3,141,225,3,169,
60,141
BR 310 DATA 8,3,169,3,141,9,3,
96
AX 320 DATA 234,76,208,3,96
cute the command SLOW.
Due to the manner in which
this program adds FAST and
SLOW to BASIC's vocabulary,
you must follow one simple
rule when using either of
these two commands in an IF
statement: Always precede
the command with a colon.
For example, IF X<>Y
THEN:FAST.
Note that the 64's 40-col-
umn screen will go blank
whenever you put the comput-
er into FAST mode, just as it
would in 128 mode.
KEN MCNICHOLAS
HICKSVILLE, NY
Hex Converters
The next two listings convert
a byte value (0-255) from hex-
adecimal to decimal and
from decimal to hexadecimal,
respectively. These programs
use the variable D to return or
store decimal values and the
variable H$ to store or return
hexadecimal values.
10 REM DECIMAL TO HEX
20 INPUT‘'DECIMAL VALUE”;D
30 Y=INT(D/16): Z=16*Y:H$=CHR$
(Y+55+(7*(Y<10)))+CHR$
(D-2Z+55+(7*((D-Z)<10)))
40 PRINT'HEX VALUE IS $”;H$
10 REM HEX TO DECIMAL
20 INPUT“HEX VALUE $”;H$
30 L=ASC(LEFTS(HS,1)):
R=ASC(RIGHTS(HS, 1)):
D=((L-55-7*(L<57))*16)
+R-55-7*(R<58)
40 PRINT“DEC VALUE IS ";D
A note regarding the hexa-
decimal-to-decimal conversion
program: Be sure that H$ is a
two-character string before
you convert it to decimal. If HS
is empty, the program will
abort with an illegal-quantity er-
ror. If H$ contains only one
character, that character is dupli-
cated (F becomes FF, for exam-
ple). If HS contains more than
two characters, only the first
and last characters are consid-
ered part of the byte value
(O9FAC becomes OC).
PAUL FOLLINI
AMHERST, NS.
CANADA
Send your programming tips
to Programmer's Page, COM-
PUTE's Gazette, 324 West
Wendover Avenue, Suite 200,
Greensboro, North Carolina
27408. We pay $25-$50 for
each tip we publish. a]
PROGRAMS
ANCESTRY
By Robert Nellist
Genealogy can quickly become an ab-
sorbing, addicting hobby. Here's your
chance to start charting your family tree
with a minimum of trouble and expense.
Ancestry lets you enter the vital sta-
tistics concerning aselected person's par-
ents, grandparents, great-grandparents,
and great-great-grandparents. This infor-
mation can then be searched, corrected,
saved to disk, and printed out in family
tree form.
Getting Started
Ancestry is written entirely in BASIC.
To help avoid typing errors, enter it
with The Automatic Proofreader; see
“Typing Aids” elsewhere in this sec-
tion. Be sure to save a copy of the pro-
gram before you exit Proofreader.
Creating Records
When you run Ancestry, a menu will pre-
sent four choices: Initial Entry, Load a
File, Disk Directory, and Quit. Since
you haven't as yet entered any informa-
tion, let's press E and start creating
some records.
The Entry mode constantly displays
command information at the top of the
screen. Below this is a heading which
changes during entry to help you
keep track of whose record you are
presently entering. Beneath this is the
form that you'll be filling in for each an-
cestor. The nonblinking cursor can be
seen at the start of the Name line.
Use uppercase and lowercase to fill
in the person's name (here, the primary
individual) and press Return. Repeat
the procedure for each line. If you
don't as yet have the information that's
requested, simply press Return on the
blank line, and the cursor will jump to
the next one. If you press Return on a
blank Name line, the program will skip
the present record entirely and pro-
ceed to the next person, Use the Inst/
Del key to backtrack and make correc-
tions on the current line only. Don’t
worry if a mistake slips by. You can eas-
ily make corrections later. When the
fifth and final line is entered, the next
person's blank record form will appear.
When all 31 records have been com-
pleted, or if you press the up-arrow key
(T) on a blank Name line, you'll be re-
turned to the menu, which now con-
tains several additional choices.
Search and Correct
You now have Search and Correction
options, which operate in a similar fash-
ion. Pressing f1 starts or halts a num-
bered listing of all the persons whose
records you have entered. Cursor up
or down to the desired name, and
press Return. If you're in Search
mode, that person’s entire record will
appear. If you're in Correction mode, a
blank entry form will appear that is iden-
tical to the one in the Entry mode. To
change a line, type in the corrections
and press Return. To leave a line unal-
tered, just press Return. To end either
option and return to the menu, place
the cursor on the word Menu at the bot-
tom of the listing and press Return.
Load and Save
Load and Save options are fairly con-
ventional and need little explanation.
You can view the disk directory first, if
necessary. | recommend saving under
the name of the primary individual to
avoid confusion. Either option can be
canceled by pressing Return alone.
Printouts
Ancestry doesn't use any special print-
er commands, so there should be no
compatibility problems. When you en-
ter the Printout mode, you'll be asked
to designate one of three names as the
primary individual for current printout
purposes only. This is because there is
only room for three generations on a sin-
gle page, although the program per-
mits entry to the fourth generation.
Choose option A for your first print-
out. If you have entered all 31 records,
you'll also want to make printouts using
the B and C options. The program will
then guide you through the entry of a
chart number, letter, and date. If you
make a mistake, you still have a final
chance to cancel prior to the actual
printout.
Random Reminders
It isn't necessary to enter all 31 records
at one sitting. You can start and stop at
any time. Also, it isn't necessary to com-
plete all the records prior to printout.
The program will simply print dotted
lines if no information has been provid-
ed. This will permit filling in by hand lat-
er, if desired.
The Spouse line doesn't appear in
the printout. It would be a needless du-
plication of information already pre-
sent, and space is limited. Adjust your
paper to start your printout as near to
the top of the page as possible.
There's room to include a location
as well as a date when entering vital sta-
tistics. It's OK to use commas and co-
lons while entering data.
ANCESTRY
PK 5 REM COPYRIGHT 1993 ~ COMP
UTE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD
~ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
HB 16 DIM BS$(50,5):SPS="......
Siero eeatinvetee Conese REM,
{SPACE}** 24 PERIODS
DTS="€24 T>":REM ** 24 C
OMMODORE-T KEY PRESSES
PRINT CHRS$(14)"{CLR}
{WHT}{5 DOWN}"TAB(9) "***
ANCESTRY *#*":PR
PE 28
JK 36
AD 48 PRINTTAB(13)"{DOWN}ROBER
T NELLIST"
PRINTTAB(13)"{6 DOWN}PRE
SS ANY KEY"
WAIT 198,15:GET M$
PRINT" {CLR} {2 DOWN}"TAB (
11)"*** MAIN MENU ***"
IF K=l THEN PRINT"
{2 DOWN}";:GoTO 116
PRINTTAB(11)"{2 DOWN}E =
INITIAL ENTRY"
TF K=@ THEN GOTO 168
PRINTTAB(11)"{DOWN}R =
{SPACE}RESUME ENTRY"
PRINTTAB(11)"{DOWN}S =
{SPACE}SEARCH"
PRINTTAB(11)"{DOWN}C =
{SPACE} ENTRY CORRECTION
XX 50
DE 69
AG 76
GF 8d
AS 98
QJ 186
MJ 119
QG 120
CJ 136
JE 140 PRINTTAB (11) "{DOWN}E =
{SPACE}PRINTOUT"
PRINTTAB(11)"{DOWN}* =
{SPACE}SAVE ENTRIES"
PRINTTAB(11)"{DOWN}L =
{SPACE}LOAD A FILE"
PRINTTAB(11)"{DOWN}D =
{SPACE}DISK DIRECTORY"
PRINTTAB(11)"{DOWN}Q =
{SPACE}QUIT"
PRINTCHRS (14)
GET M$:IF M$="E"AND K=@
THEN GOSUB 294:GOTO 70
IF M$="R"AND K=1 AND Z2<
31 THEN Z=Z+1:GOSUB 300
:GOTO 76
IF M$="S"AND K=1 THEN P
=@:GOSUB 550:GOTO 79
IF M$="C"AND K=1 THEN P
=1:GOSUB 558:GOTO 79
IF M$="P"AND K=1 THEN G
CF 156
QQ 160
DS 176
KM 186
BS 185
PA 196
JE 206
SK 216
RB 226
BS 236
JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE G-25
PROGRAMS
XH
BP
kQ
AF
FH
KB
KH
QP
KD
sQ
BX
BJ
SG
DG
G-26
240
256
266
276
286
296
360
316
326
336
340
356
366
376
-380
396
400
416
420
439
449
456
469
478
488
496
566
516
526
538
546
556
OSUB 1536:GOTO 78
IF MS$="*"AND K=1 THEN G
OSUB 1678:GOTO 70
IF M$="L"THEN GOSUB 122
6:GOTO 79
IF MS$="D"THEN GOSUB 142
@:GOTO 70
IF MS$="Q"THEN GOSUB 213
@:GOTO 79
GOTO 196
HES="PRIMARY INDIVIDUAL
":Z=12A=1: PRINTCHRS (14)
:GOSUB2628:GOTO316
PRINT CHR$(14):GOSUB 20
20: PRINT" {UP}"G$;GR$;PS
PRINT HES;HDS$:PRINT:PRI
NT"ENTRY #"Z: PRINT
FOR Y=1 TO 5
PRINTTAB (9) "{P}{LEFT}";
:GET AS:IF AS=""THEN 33
@:REM *** COMMODORE-P +
CRSR-LEFT
IF A$=CHR$(20)AND LEN(B
$)<1 OR AS=CHR$(34) THE
N 330
IF AS$=CHR$(2@)THEN BS=L
EFTS (BS,LEN (BS) -1) :GOTO
416
IF A$=CHR$(13)AND Y=1 A
ND LEN(BS)<1 THEN GOSUB
2090:GOTO 440
IFAS=CHR$(13)THEN BS$=BS
+SPS$:BS=LEFTS (BS, 24) :BS
(Z,Y)=BS$:BS="":GOTO 436
IF ASC(A$)<32 OR ASC(AS
)>96 AND ASC(AS)<191 TH
EN 330
IF LEN(B$)>23 THEN 336
BS=BS+A$
PRINT A$;:IF Y=l AND AS
"THEN Y=5:Z=
GoTO 440
GOTO 339
PRINT" {DOWN}"
NEXT:IF AS$="7"OR Z=31 T
HEN 53@
Z=Z+1
IF Z>1 THEN PS$="PARENTS
OF PRIMARY INDIVIDUAL"
IF Z>3 THEN GRS="GRAND"
:PS="PARENTS OF PRIM.IN
DIv."
IF Z>7 THEN GS="GREAT "
IF Z>15 THEN GS$="GREAT
{SPACE}GREAT "
IF Z/2=INT(Z/2)THEN HES
="FATHER OF ":HDS=BS(A,
1)?GOTO 526
HES="MOTHER OF ":HDS=BS
(A, 1) SA=A41
GOSUB 20629:PRINT"{UP}"G
$;GR$;P$:GOTO 310
IF Z>@ THEN K=1
RETURN
PRINTCHRS (14) "{CLR}
{2 DOWN}"TAB(3) "PRESS F
1 TO START OR HALT LIST
ING"
COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
QH
GP
566
5708
586
5968
680
6190
626
636
646
656
668
676
686
696
786
716
720
736
746
756
768
776
786
798
806
810
826
836
846
858
866
878
880
890
980
916
926
936
GET L$:IF L$<>CHR$(133)
THEN 56
PRINT" {CLR}";:FOR X=1 T
or,
IF X=Z+1THEN X=31:GOTO
{SPACE}676
IF X=1THEN PRINT"PRIMAR
¥ INDIVIDUAL
IF X=2THEN PRINT"PARENT
s"
IF X=4THEN PRINT"GRANDP
ARENTS"
IF X=8THEN PRINT"GREAT
{ SPACE}GRANDPARENTS
IF X=16THEN PRINT"GREAT
GREAT GRANDPARENTS"
PRINTTAB (3) ;X;B$(X,1
FOR T=l1 TO 300:NEXT
GET L$:IF L$=CHR$(133)T
HEN X=Z
NEXT
PRINTTAB (4) "MAIN MENU"
PRINTTAB (4) "RESTART LIS
TING"
PRINT"{2 DOWN}USE UP/DO
WN CRSR TO SELECT THE N
UMBER OFA RECORD TO BE
{SPACE}";
IF P=@ THEN PRINT"VIEWE
De";
IF P=1 THEN PRINT"CORRE
CTED.";
PRINT" PRESS RETURN."
PRINT" {HOME} {DOWN} "TAB (
4):POKE 19,65
LS="" INPUT L$
LS=LEFTS (L$, 2) :X=VAL (L$
):POKE 19,0
IF L$="RE"THEN GOTO550
LS="MA"THEN RETURN
X<1 OR X>31 THEN 746
P=] THEN PRINT"{CLR}
P=6 THEN PRINT"{CLR}
DOWN} #"X: PRINT
FOR Y=l TO 5
IF BS(X,1)=""THEN 55@
IFY=1 THEN PRINT"NAME
{3 SPACES}: "BS (X,Y)
IFY=2 THEN PRINT"BORN
{3 SPACES}: "BS$(X,Y)
IFY=3 THEN PRINT"WED
{4 SPACES}: "BS (X,Y)
IFY=4 THEN PRINT"DIED
{3 SPACES}: "BS(X,Y)
IFY=5 THEN PRINT"SPOUSE
: "BS(X,Y)
NEXT: IF P=l THEN 926
PRINTTAB(12)"{4 DOWN}PR
ESS ANY KEY"
WAIT 198,15:GET M$:GOTO
556
PRINT"{CYN}{3 DOWN}TYPE
IN LINE CORRECTLY — PR
ESS RETURN."
PRINT"OR PRESS RETURN A
LONE TO LEAVE LINE AS
{2 SPACES}IT APPEARS AB
KQ
KX
KP
QD
cs
SA
DA
PQ
HE
946
956
960
9768
986
996
1666
1616
1626
1636
1946
1656
1668
1676
1686
OVE."
PRINT"{5 UP}":GOSUB 207
G:PRINT"{4 DOWN}":FOR Y
=1 70 5
PRINTTAB (9) "{P}{LEFT}";
:GET ZS:IF Z2S=""THEN 95
6
IF Z$=CHR$(20)AND LEN(Z
$(¥))<1OR CCS=CHRS (34)T
HEN 958
IF Z$=CHR$(20)THEN Z$(Y
) =LEFTS$ (2S (Y) , LEN (Z$ (Y)
)-1):GOTO 1036
IF Z$=CHR$(13)AND Z$(Y)
=""THEN PRINT B$(X,¥):P
RINT:GOTO 1050
IFZ$=CHR$(13)THEN Z$(Y)
=Z$ (Y)+SPS$:2$ (Y) =LEFTS (
Z$(¥),24):GOTO 1646
IF ASC(Z$)<32 OR ASC(Z
$)>96 AND ASC(Z$)<191
{SPACE}THEN 950
IF LEN(Z$(¥))>23 THEN
{SPACE}956
Z$(Y)=Z$(Y)+Z$
PRINT Z$;:GOTO 950
BS (X,¥)=Z$(¥):2$(y)=""
:PRINT" ":PRINT
NEXT: PRINTTAB (12) "PRES
S ANY KEY"
WAIT 198,15:GET M$:RET
URN
PRINT" {CLR}{3 DOWN}ENT
ER FILENAME FOR SAVE.
{SPACE}USE NAME OF THE
PRIMARY INDIV. (16 ";
PRINT"SPACE/LETTER LIM
IT.) ":PRINT"PRESS RETU
RN TO CANCEL THIS OPTI
ON. {DOWN}"
INPUT SFS:IF SFS=""THE
N RETURN
IF LEN(SF$)>16 THEN 16
76
PRINTTAB(10)"{3 DOWN}S
AVING: "SFS$:CRS=CHRS (T
3)
OPEN 15,8,15
OPEN 2,8,2,"@0:"+SFS+"
7S,W":GOSUB 1396
PRINT#2,HES;CRS;HD$;CR
$;GS;CRS;GRS;CRS;PS:PR
INT#2,2;CRS;A
FOR X=1 TO 2:FOR Y=1 T
05
IF BS(X,Y)=""THEN BS (X
7Y¥) =SPS
PRINT#2,CHRS (34) ;BS$(X,
Y)
NEXT Y:NEXT X
GOSUB 1396
CLOSE 2:CLOSE 15
PRINTTAB(12)"{3 DOWN}S
AVE COMPLETED":FOR G=1
TO 2600:NEXT: RETURN
IF K=0 THEN 1270
PRINT" {CLR} "TAB (3) "
{3 DOWN}A FILE ALREADY
AF
EQ
HM
XB
ER
1248
1256
1266
1276
1286
1296
1366
1316
1326
1336
1346
1358
1366
1376
1386
1396
1466
1416
1426
1436
1446
1456
1466
1476
1486
1496
1568
15108
1526
1536
1546
EXISTS IN MEMORY"
PRINTTAB (9) "{DOWN}OVER
WRITE IT?{2 SPACES}Y/N
"
GET M$:IF M$="N"THEN R
ETURN
IF M$<>"Y"THEN 1256
PRINT" {CLR}{3 DOWN}ENT
ER FILENAME TO BE LOAD
ED. USE FILES
{2 SPACES}WITH PRIMARY
INDIV.";
PRINT" NAMES ONLY.":PR
INT"PRESS RETURN TO CA
NCEL THIS OPTION.":PRI
NT
LFS="":INPUT LFS$:IF LF
$=""THEN RETURN
PRINTTAB(69)"{3 DOWN}L
OADING: "LFS
OPEN 15,8,15
OPEN 2,8,2,"6:"+LFS+",
$,R"
INPUT #2,HES,HD$,GS$,GR$
,PS$: INPUT #2,Z,A:GOSUB
{SPACE}1398
FOR X=1 TO Z:FOR Y=1 T
05
INPUT #2,B$ (X,Y)
NEXT Y:NEXT X:GOSUB 13
90
CLOSE 2:CLOSE 15
PRINTTAB(9)"{3 DOWN}LO
AD COMPLETE":FOR G=1 T
O 2000:NEXT:K=1:RETURN
INPUT#15,EN,EM$,ET,ES
IFEN>1THEN PRINT EN,EM
$,ET,ES:STOP
RETURN
PRINT" {CLR}{DOWN} PRES
S RETURN TO END LISTIN
G PRIOR TO{3 SPACES}CO
MPLETION. {DOWN}"
OPEN 1,8,0,"$":GET#1,A
AS, AAS
GET#1,AAS$,AAS:IF AAS="
"THEN 1508
GET#1,BB$,CC$
BL=ASC (BB$+CHR$ (@) ) :BH
=ASC (CCS$+CHRS (8) )
DDS=MIDS (STR$ (BL+256*B
H) , 2) +CHRS (32)
PRINTTAB (6)DDS$; :GET#1,
DD$:IF DDS$<>""THEN 148
g
PRINT:GET EES:IF EE$<>
CHRS (13) THEN1440
CLOSE 1
PRINTTAB(12)"{2 DOWN}P
RESS ANY KEY"
WAIT 198,15:GET M$:RET
URN
K$=B$ (1,1) :H$=B$ (2,1):
J$=B$(3,1) |
PRINT CHR$(14)"{CLR}
{3 DOWN}"TAB (7) "CHOOSE
PRIMARY INDIVIDUAL":P
RINTTAB(6)"{DOWN}A = "
XD
RQ
CA
MK
1556
1568
1576
1586
1596
1668
1616
1626
1636
1635
1646
1658
1668
1676
1686
1698
1766
1716
1726
1736
1748
1756
1766
1776
1788
1796
1866
1816
1828
18390
1848
1856
KS
PRINTTAB(6)"B = "H$:PR
INTTAB(6)"C = "JS
PRINT"{6 DOWN} NOTE: Y¥
OU HAVE ENTERED"Z"RECO
RDS.":PRINT" A COMPLET
ELY ";
PRINT"FILLED-IN PRINTO
UT NEEDS:": PRINTTAB (10
)"{DOWN}FOR A ~ 15 REC
ORDS"
PRINTTAB(1@)"FOR B - 2
3 RECORDS": PRINTTAB (1
) "FOR C ~ 31 RECORDS":
NI=@
GET N$:IF NS$="A"THEN N
B" THEN NI=2
C" THEN NI=3
THEN 1598
PRINT" {CLR}{3 DOWN}ENT
ER A NUMBER & LETTER F
OR YOUR CHART"
INPUT" (EXAMPLE ~ 1A)";
cs
IF LEN(C$)<>2THEN 1630
INPUT"{2 DOWN}ENTER DA
TE (EXAMPLE 2/22/92) "
7DS
PRINT CHR$ (142) "{CLR}
{2 DOWN}"SPC (12) "TURN
{SPACE}PRINTER ON"
PRINTTAB(6)"{2 DOWN}P
{SPACE}= PRINT"SPC(6)"
M = MAIN MENU"
GET M$:IF M$="P"THEN 1
719
IF MS<>"M"THEN 1680
RETURN
PRINT "{CLR}{3 DOWN}"T
AB (14) "PRINTING...":RE
STORE
IF NI=1 THEN GOTO 1760
IF NI=2 THEN GOTO 1750
FOR B=l1 TO 15:READ X:N
EXT
FOR B=1 TO 15:READ X:N
EXT
OPEN4, 4,7
DS=D$+"{8 SPACES}":DS=
LEFT$(D$,8):REM ** 8 S
PACES
PPS$=B$(NI,1)+"
{24 SPACES}":PPS=LEFTS$
(PP$,24):REM ** 24 SPA
VVS="": V=0:VV=6:
T=1 TO 15:READ X
IF T=l OR T=15 THEN
46
IF T=2 OR T=14 THEN V=
36
IF T=3 OR T=13 THEN V=
36:VS="2"sVV=15
IF T=4 OR T=12 THEN
14
IF T=5 OR T=11 THEN v=
EJ
PR
QK
BX
DG
KD
GF
EK
DX
BH
BS
BB
DS
BB
DR
GX
CG
KD
JA
QF
RD
MJ
1860
1876
1886
1898
1966
1916
1926
19396
1946
1956
1968
1976
1986
1996
2060
2619
2026
2630
2046
2058
2060
20676
14: VS=":":VV$= :Wel
5:PV=15
IF T=6 OR T=1@ THEN V=
14:VS=":":VV=15
IF T=7 OR T=9 THEN V=1
4:VS=":"sVV=31
IF T=8 THEN V=4
FOR Y=1 TO 4:IF BS$(X,Y
)=""THEN BS (X,Y) =SPS
IF Y=l AND T=1 THEN GO
SUB2160:GOTO1960
IF Y=1 THEN PRINT#4,""
SPC (V) ;V$;""SPC(VV);VV
$;""SPC (PV) "NAME:
{2 SPACES}"BS (X,Y)
IF Y=2 THEN PRINT#4,""
SPC (V) ;V$;""SPC (VV) VV
$;""SPC (PV) "BORN:
{2 SPACES}"BS$(X,Y)
IF Y=3 AND T=1 THEN GO
SUB2110:GOT01966
IF Y=3 THEN PRINT#4,""
SPC(V) ;V$;""SPC (VV) ;VV
$;""SPC(PV) "WED :
{2 SPACES}"BS (X,Y
IF Y=4 THEN PRINT#4,""
SPC (V) ;VS;""SPC(VV) 7VV
$;""SPC (PV) "DIED:
{2 SPACES}"BS (X,Y)
NEXTY: VS=""3VVS=""3 VV=
0: PV=G0:NEXTT
CLOSE 4
PRINT" {CLR}{3 DOWN}"TA
B(12) "PRINTOUT COMPLET
E":FOR G=l TO 2600:NEX
T:RETURN
DATA 8,4,9,2,10,5,11,1
712,6,13,3,14,7,15
DATA 16,8,17,4,18,9,19
72,28,10,21,5,22,11,23
DATA 24,12,25,6,26,13,
27,3,28,14,29,7,30,15,
31
PRINT" {CLR} {CYN}"TAB (8
)"****{2 SPACES}ENTRY
{2 SPACES }MODE
{2 SPACES}****"
PRINT"{2 SPACES}PRESS
{SPACE}RETURN ON A BLA
NK NAME LINE TO
{2 SPACES}SKIP TO THE
{SPACE}NEXT RECORD. ";
PRINT" PRESS RETURN
{2 SPACES}ON ANY OTHER
BLANK LINE TO LEAVE T
HAT{3 SPACES}LINE";
PRINT" BLANK.
{2 SPACES}PRESS 7 ON A
BLANK NAME{4 SPACES}L
INE TO TERMINATE THE "
i
PRINT"ENTRY MODE.
{2 SPACES}MAKE CURRENT
~LINE CORRECTIONS WITH
INST/DEL."
PRINT" {WHT} {6 DOWN}NAM
E{3 SPACES}: {DOWN}"DT
$:PRINT"BORN{3 SPACES}
JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE G-27
PROGRAMS
ES SS EA ET FES ES STIS IE
: {DOWN} "DTS: PRINT" WED
{4 SPACES}: {DOWN}"DT$S
PRINT"DIED{3 SPACES}:
{SPACE} {DOWN}"DTS: PRIN
T'SPOUSE : {DOWN}"DTS:
PRINT" {HOME}{8 DOWN}":
RETURN
FOR F=1 TO 5:B$(Z,F)=S
P$:NEXT:Y=5: RETURN
PRINT#4,""SPC (4) "ANCES
TORS OF "PPS""SPC(5) "N
AME: {2 SPACES}"BS (X,Y)
:RETURN
PRINT#4,""SPC(4) "CHART
"CS""SPC(5) "PRINTED "
DS$""SPC(13)"WED :
{2 SPACES}"BS (X,Y)
RETURN
PRINT"{CLR}{5 DOWN} "TA
B(6)"QUIT - ARE YOU SU
RE?{2 SPACES}¥/N"
DG 2689
CF 2099
FE 2166
Gc 2116
EF 2126
QA 2136
MF 2146 GET MS:IF MS="N"THEN R
ETURN
DQ 2150 IF MS<>"Y"THEN 2146
BQ 2168 SYS 64738
Robert Nellist is a retired Sears service-
man who enjoys using graphic fonts
with his word processor. He lives in
Brockport, NY.
CALCULEASE
By Farid Ahmad
Calculus is an important branch of math-
ematical science that deals with bodies
in motion. An intermediate-to-advanced
study of many subjects requires a work-
ing knowledge of calculus. Calculus itself
can be divided into two main parts: inte-
gration and differentiation. Calculease
will help students by quickly calculating
the definite integral of any valid function.
Typing It In
Calculease is written entirely in BASIC.
To help avoid typing errors, enter the
program with The Automatic Proofread-
er; see “Typing Aids” elsewhere in
this section. Be sure to save a copy of
the program to disk before you exit
Proofreader.
Calculease is a snap to use, provid-
ing you have a working knowledge of
integral calculus. When you first run Cal-
culease, there is a brief delay as
some machine language routines are
poked into place. You are then present-
ed with a control screen that contains
all the default parameters. _
You can change any of these para-
meters by pressing the first letter of
G-28 COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
each option. When everything is to
your liking, press Return, and the result
will be displayed. Special graphics
make the display similar to what you
see in mathematical texts.
Here is a rundown of all the options
and what they represent.
Screen Blank
If you turn this option on (by pressing
S), the screen will blank out while cal-
culations are being made. This
speeds up the computer slightly.
Integration Rule
Calculease uses a numerical method
to solve integration problems. Briefly,
this involves dividing the required inter-
val into many small parts, evaluating
the average value of the function in
each part, and then adding all the val-
ues to get the final result.
Various rules are available to divide
the given interval and to add up the re-
sulting parts. Calculease can use four
of these: Weddle, % Simpson,
Simpson, and Trapezium. These meth-
ods are listed in decreasing order of ac-
curacy. The more accurate methods
give different weight to each division,
and so calculations are rather involved.
Since we're using a computer, the dif-
ficulty of a calculation is not a problem,
and the most accurate method (Wed-
dle) should be used. The other three
methods will be of interest to students
of calculus who want to determine the
relative accuracy of the methods.
Number of Divisions
The greater the number of divisions in-
to which the interval is divided, the
greater the accuracy—but the longer it
takes to calculate the result. A maxi-
mum of 500 divisions is possible. Note
that each rule places a different restric-
tion on the number of divisions. With Tra-
pezium, any number of divisions can
be used; Simpson requires an even
number of divisions. The number of di-
visions must be an even multiple of 3
with ¥% Simpson, and it must be an
even multiple of 6 with Weddle.
If you choose an incorrect number
of divisions, the number is rounded off
to an acceptable value. Also note that
as you change the integration rule (by
pressing |) the number of divisions will
change accordingly.
Upper Limit
This is the upper limit of the interval. It
can be any valid number. You can al-
so use the constant zor its multiples,
but remember to indicate the proper
mathematical operations. For example,
itis conventional to write 2x when you
want to indicate multiplication. In Cal-
culease, however, you must enter 2°,
or the results will be unpredictable.
Lower Limit
This is the lower limit of the interval, It
is specified in the same manner as the
upper limit. Obviously, the lower limit
must not exceed the upper limit. If this
happens, the program issues a warn-
ing when you try to evaluate the inte-
gral by pressing Return.
Function
This is the relationship between the
two variables x and y. This means that
the function must follow the same
rules of mathematical precedence and
syntax as normal BASIC expressions.
If any errors occur, they are indicated.
To check for such errors, the upper
limit is placed in the function, and the
function is then evaluated. In some cas-
es the function may not be defined at
the upper limit, and you will get an er-
ror message. For example, if the upper
limit is 2/2 and you try to enter the func-
tion y=tan(x), you will get a division-by-
zero error, as tan(x) is undefined in the
expression x=7/2.
There is one potential error that will
not be detected. Since BASIC expres-
sions can include variables, these are
not flagged as errors. To Calculease,
however, only the variable x is valid. Us-
ing any other variables will produce un-
predictable results. For example,
y=x+z will be accepted, but it will pro-
duce an incorrect result. In short, be
careful not to include any variable
names by mistake. If you use the con-
stant mas part of the expression, follow
the rule mentioned above.
When you have adjusted all parame-
ters as required, press Return to eval-
uate the integral. A timer will appear at
the bottom of the screen to let you
know how much of the calculation has
been completed. The timer’s initial val-
ue depends on the number of divi-
sions. The speed at which it counts
down depends upon the complexity of
the function
After the result is displayed, you're re-
turned to the control screen. All set-
tings are retained, and you can
change the parameters selectively to
watch the effect of each on the final re-
sult. You might want to change the num-
ber of divisions or the integration rule
to see how it affects the accuracy of
the result.
CALCULEASE
FF 5 REM COPYRIGHT 1993 COMPUT
E PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD ~
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PD 16 GoTO8G
BJ 26 FORI=GTON
BJ 38 SY¥SQQ,U1,U2:PRINTN-I;:PR
INT"{LEFT} "
GA 48 X=L+I*H
MX 56 ¥(I)=VAL (RES)
GJ 66 NEXT
QD 70 RETURN
RD 80 POKE56,48:CLR:RES="":1=G
:N=0:X=6:L=6:H=0:DIMY (5G
6) :QQ=828:U1=23:U2=25
AP 99 S1=0:S2=6:S3=9
KQ 166 FOR R= @ TO 35:READ A:P
OKE QQ+R,A:NEXT:REM REL
OCATABLE ML FOR CRSR LO
CATING
EF 110 DATA{2 SPACES}632,253,1
74,032,158,183,134,002,
632,253,174,032,158,183
1 138,168,166
XX 126 DATA{2 SPACES}@62,224,6
25,176,033,192,040,176,
629, 624,032,248,255,096
7 162,014,676
FA 136 DATA{2 SPACES}139,227
GJ 146 GOSUB1250:REM{4 SPACES}
TITLE
DA 158 GOSUB1520:REM{4 SPACES}
SETUP SMARTVAL
RB 160 GOSUB1960:REM{4 SPACES}
CHARCTER DEFINE
XM 176 GOSUB137G:REM{4 SPACES}
INITIALIZE
BG 186 GOSUB2116:REM{4 SPACES}
SETTINGS
CE 196 IFSB=1 THEN POKE53265,P
EEK (53265) AND239: POKE53
280,1:REM BLANK SCREEN
AH 200 GOSUB480:REM{5 SPACES}A
DJUST INTERVEL
RA 210 GOSUB2@:REM{6 SPACES}PR
E CALCULATE
CQ 220 SYSQQ,23,25:PRINT"WAIT.
"
MM 230 ON RULE GOSUB610,670,74
6,820:REM CALCULATIONS
BB 240 IFSB=l THEN POKE53265,P
EEK (53265) OR16:POKE532
86,0
HH 258 GOSUB9@G:REM{5 SPACES}O
UTPUT
260
276
286
298
366
319
320
336
346
356
366
376
388
396
406
416
426
436
44G
456
466
476
486
490
508
516
526
536
540
550
560
576
580
590
606
616
620
636
646
656
666
670
686
696
706
716
726
738
748
758
766
776
786
798
800
819
GOTO18G
REM-LIMITS ETC.
PRINT" {CLR}"
INPUT"LOWER LIMIT";L$
L=VAL (L$)
GOSUB1146: IFEITHEN319
RETURN
PRINT" {CLR}"
INPUT"UPPER LIMIT";US
U=VAL (US$)
GOSUB114@: IFEITHEN380
RETURN
PRINT" {CLR}{2 DOWN}(1 T
0 508)
INPUT" {HOME}NUMBER OF D
IVISIONS";N$:N1=VAL (NS
:IFN1<1{2 SPACES}OR N1>
500 THEN45G
N=N1
N=INT (N/M) *M
IEFN<MTHENN=M
H=(U-L) /N: RETURN
PRINT" {CLR}RELATION BET
WEEN Y AND X:":PRINT "Y
INPUT RES
X=U: CHECK=VAL (RES)
GOSUB114@: IFEITHEN53@
RETURN
REM-TRAPEZIUM
SG=Y¥ (8) +¥(N)
FORI=1TON-1:S1=S1+¥ (I):
NEXT
AS=(H/2) * (S@+2*S1)
RETURN
REM-SIMPSON
SG=¥ (G)+¥(N)
FORI=1TON-~1STEP2:S1=S1+
Y¥ (I) :NEXT
FORI=2TON-2STEP2:S2=S2+
Y¥ (I) :NEXT
AS=(H/3) * (S6+4*S1+2*S2)
RETURN
REM-EIGHT SIMPTHENON
S@=¥ (G)+¥(N)
FORI=1TON-1:IF3*INT (1/3
) =ITHENS1=S1+¥ (I) :GOTO7
76
$2=S2+¥ (I)
NEXTI
AS=( 3*H/8) * (SG+3*S2+2*
$1)
RETURN
REM-WEDDLE
826
836
840
859
860
870
880
898
980
919
926
936
946
956
966
976
986
996
1666
1919
1626
1636
1646
1656
1666
1676
1686
1996
1196
1116
1126
1136
1146
1156
1166
1176
1186
1196
1266
1219
1226
1236
1246
1258
FORI=GTON-~1STEP6
S=¥ (1)+5*Y (1+1)+¥(I+2)+
6*Y (1+3)+¥ (1+4) +5*¥ (1+5
)+¥ (1+6) :S@=S0+S
NEXTI
AS=(3*H/1G) *S@
RETURN
REM-OUTPUT
PRINT" {CLR}"
RPS=" "+RES+"{2 SPACES}
<X"+MSS+MS$
RLS=LEFTS (RPS, 36)
R2$=MIDS (RPS, 37,36)
R3$=MIDS (RPS, 67,30)
LL&LEN (L$) :LP=5-LL
XX=9:YY=1
SYSQQ,XX- 1,YY
{3 SPACES}:PRINT"!"
SYSQQ,XX{3 SPACES},YY
{3 SPACES}:PRINT"A"
SYSQQ,XX+ 1,¥Y
{3 SPACES}:PRINT"A"
SYSQQ,XX+ 2,YY
{3 SPACES}:PRINT"{K}"
SYSQQ,XX- 2,YY+1 :PRIN
TUS
SYSQQ,XX+ 3,YY-1 :PRIN
TLS
SYSQQ,XX{3 SPACES} ,YY+
1 :PRINTRI1S$
SYSQQ,XX+1 ,YY+6 :PRIN
TR2S
SYSQQ,XX+2
TR3$
ASS="= "+STRS$(AS) :AQ=L
EN (AS$) :AG=(40-A@) /2
SYSQQ,15,A@:PRINT ASS
SYSQQ,23,09:PRINT"
{RVS}PRESS ANY KEY TO
{SPACE}GO ON"
POKE198,6:WAIT198,1:PO
KE198,@:RETURN
7YY+6 :PRIN
REM-CHECK ERROR
Z=PEEK (781) *2:1FZ=OTHE
N1186
EA=PEEK (41766+Z) +PEEK (
41767+Z) *256:PRINT"
{RVS}{2 DOWN}";
C=PEEK (EA) : PRINTCHRS (C
AND127) ; : I1FC<128THENEA
=EA+1:GOTO1166
PRINT" ERROR":EI=1:GOS
UB1080: RETURN
EI=@:RETURN:REM NO ERR
PRINT" {CLR}": POKE53281
7G: POKE53280,@: POKE646
JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE G-29
PROGRAMS
Se ETI ET SE Te PS Fa FS TE
AF
XJ
XD
G-30
1266
1276
12896
1296
1306
13198
1326
1338
1346
1358
1366
1376
1380
1398
1460
1410
1426
1436
1446
1458
1466
1476
1488
1496
1500
1516
1520
1536
1540
1556
1566
1576
1586
1596
1606
1616
1626
1636
3
'
SYSQQ,3,15: PRINT"CALCU
LEASE
SYSQQ,4,15:PRINT"==
SYSQQ,8,1:PRINT"PROGRA
M TO EVALUATE DEFINITE
INTEGRALS"
SYSQQ,10,13:PRINT"BY F
ARID AHMAD"
SYSQQ,23,14:PRINT"
{RVS}PLEASE WAIT"
RETURN
REM-INITIALIZE
SB$ (G8) ="0FF":SB$(1)="0
N ":SB=0
RU=4: US="7":U=VAL (US):
M=6
eR a
NS="24":N=VAL (NS) :N1=N
RES="SIN(X) + COS(X) +
Kia Sekar
GOSUB480
FOR A =1 TO 4:READIAS(
A) :NEXT
REM DIMY (500)
M1$="{WHT}LOWER LIMIT
{SPACE}IS GREATER THAN
UPPER LIMIT{CYN}"
FOR R =1T039:MSS$=MSS+"
":MUS=MUS+"~"":MLS=ML$
REM-POKE SMART VAL
SA=49152:REM STARTING
{SPACE}ADDRESS (RELOCA
TABLE)
H1=INT ((SA+13) /256) :L1
= (SA+13) -H1*256
H2=INT ((SA+15@) /256) :L
2=(SA+15@) -H2*256:CS=0
FORAD=SATOSA+2G@6: READM
L:CS=CS+ML: POKEAD,ML:N
EXT
IFCS<>23175THENPRINTCH
R$(147)"*** ERROR IN D
ATA STATEMENTS ***" EN
D
POKESA+5,L1: POKESA+9,H
1: POKESA+133,L2:POKESA
+138,H2:REM RELOCATE M
L
SYSSA
RETURN
DATA169,076,133,124,16
9,013,133,125
DATA169,192,133,126,09
6,141,255,003
DATA144,141,252,063,10
4,141,253,003
DATAG72,173,252,003,97
COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
1646
1658
1668
1678
1688
1696
17668
1716
1726
1736
1749
1750
1768
1776
1786
1796
1806
1816
1829
1836
1840
1856
1868
1876
1886
1896
1966
19108
1926
1936
1940
1958
1966
1976
1986
1999
2660
2,201,217,208
DATAG@G7,173,253,003,28
1,183,246,011
DATA{2 SPACES}173,255,
903,201,058,176,003,87
6
DATA128,600,996,104,16
9,226,072,186
DATA142,254,903,165,11
3,141,248,003
DATA165,114,141,249,08
3,162,079,189
DATAGGG,002,157,167,00
3,202,016,247
DATAG56,165,036,229,12
2,168,162,023
DATA201,081,176,673,16
9,000,141,013
DATAG@3,153,008,802,13
6,177,122,153
DATAGGG,002,136,016,24
8,169,060,133
DATA122,169,002,133,12
3,032,121,165
DATA173,000,003,141,25
6,003,173,001
DATAGG3,141,251,803,16
9,150,141, 000
DATAGG3,169,192,141,00
1,063,032,115
DATAGGG,032,138,173,16
2,000,173,250
DATAG@G3,141,000,003,17
3,251,003,141
DATAGG1,093,173,813,00
3,138,141,013
DATAGG3, 240, 006,169,00
6,133,097,133
DATA1@2,173,248, 063,13
3,113,173,249
DATAGG3,133,114,162,07
9,189,167,603
DATA157,000,062,202,01
6,247,169, 000
DATA133,013,174,254,00
3,154,096
REM-NEW CHARACTERS
C=6: POKE53272, (PEEK (53
272) AND24G)OR2*C
$=53248:E=55296:NC=122
88
POKE56333,127:POKE1,51
LG=E-S:EN=L6+NC
A$=LO/256:A=LG-256*A$:
B%=(EN~A) /256:B=EN-~256
*B%-A:C%= (E-A) /256
C=E~256*C$-A
POKE781,A$+1:POKE782,A
: POKE9G ,C: POKE91,C%:PO
KE88,B: POKE89,B%:SYS41
964
POKE1, 55: POKE56333,129
READA: IFA=~1THEN RETUR
Nz REM~-~-EXIT
FORI=0T07:READB
POKE12288+A*8+I,B
JG
DA
2016
2628
2636
2046
20598
2060
2678
2689
2690
2100
2110
21208
2130
2146
2150
2166
2176
2186
2190
2206
2219
2220
2230
2240
2256
2266
2276
2286
2296
2306
2316
2326
233
2340
2356
2360
2376
2388
2396
.SYSQQ,
NEXT: GOTO1986
DATAG33,006,800,014,03
1,025,024,024,624
DATAG65, 024,624,024, G2
4,624,624,024,024
DATAG94,606,006,254,12
4,198,116,231,606
DATAG97,9024,024,624,15
2,248,112,068,008
DATAG24,600,006,192,06
0,024,060,230,008
DATAG31,006,066,066,G06
2,102,102,063,900
DATA-1
REM-Z
S@=0:S1=6:S2=9
PRINT" {CLR}"
XX=6
SYSQQ, 98,3: PRINT" {RVS}
{11 SPACES }CALCULEASE
{1l SPACES}"
SYSQQ,XX,3:PRINT"{RVS}
S{OFF}CREEN BLANK
{8 SPACES}:"
SYSQQ,XX+1,@: PRINTMUS
SYSQQ,XX+2,3:PRINT"
{RVS} I {OFF}NTEGRATION
{SPACE}RULE{4 SPACES}:
"
SYSQQ,XX+3,3: PRINT"
{RVS}N{OFF}UMBER OF DI
VISIONS :"
SYSQQ,XX+4,3:PRINT"
{RVS}L{OFF}OWER LIMIT
{9 SPACES}:"
XX+4,25: PRINTLS
SYSQQ,XX+5,3:PRINT"
{RVS}U{OFF}PPER LIMIT
{9 SPACES}:"
SYSQQ,XX+5,25:PRINTUS
SYSQQ,XX+6,@: PRINTMUS
SYSQQ,XX+7,3:PRINT"
{RVS}F{OFF}UNCTION..."
SYSQQ,XX+9,00: PRINT" Y=
WSRES
REM{3 SPACES}SYSQQ,16,
00: PRINTMUS
SYSQQ,23,3:PRINT"{RVS}
PRESS RETURN TO EVALUA
TE INTEGRAL"
SYSQQ,XX, 25: PRINTSBS(S
B)
SYSQQ,XX+2,25:PRINTIAS
(RU)
SYSQQ,XX+3,24:PRINT N;
"{LEFT} "
POKE198,@:WAIT198,1
GET T1$
IF T1S$<>"I"THEN238G
RU=RU+1: IFRU>4THENRU=1
M=RU:IF M=4THEN M=6
GOSUB479: GOTO2366
IFT1$="N"THENGOSUB45@:
GoTo2l
IFT1$="F"THENGOSUB536:
GOTO2129
PB 2460 IFT1$="L"THENGOSUB316:
GOTO21290
IFT1S="U"THENGOSUB380:
GOTO2128
IFT1$<>"S"THEN2456
SB=SB+1: IFSB=2THENSB=9
GOTO2296
IFT1$<>CHR§$ (13) THEN232
i}
FD 2416
FP 2420
JB 2436
DX 2440
Qs 2456
BK 2460
MK 2476
IF L =<U THEN2506
SYSQQ,21,0:PRINT M1$:S
§8296G2 "9? PRINTMSS: GOS
SYSQQ,21,0:PRINT MSS
GOTO2280
SYSQQ,23,3:PRINT"{RVS}
{12 SPACES}WORKING...
{12 SPACES}"
EE 2480
CA 2496
DQ 2508
SQ 2510 RETURN
AS 2526:
ED 2538 DATA "TRAPEZIUM
{2 SPACES}"
MF 2548 DATA "SIMPSON
{4 SPACES}"
SF 2550 DATA "3/8 SIMPSON"
EF 2568 DATA "WEDDLE'S
{3 SPACES}"
AC 2570 :
Farid Ahmad is a frequent contributor.
He lives in Islamabad, Pakistan.
DIRECTORY AID
By Ondfej Blazek
Have you ever wished you could tem-
porarily remove files from a disk direc-
tory, but still keep the files on disk? Have
you ever wished you could protect files
from being scratched? What about a com-
mand that would let you temporarily cor-
rupt a file so that it would become unus-
able? How about turning unusable splat
files to usable files with most of the data
intact? Wouldn't it be nice to be able to
unscratch scratched files? If you an-
swered yes to any of these questions,
then Directory Aid is for you.
Getting Started
Directory Aid is written entirely in BA-
SIC. To help avoid typing errors, enter
it with The Automatic Proofreader; see
“Typing Aids” elsewhere in this sec-
tion. Be sure to save a copy of the pro-
gram before you exit Proofreader.
Using the Program
Load Directory Aid but do not run it. In-
sert the disk you wish to alter in the
drive, and then run the program.
After a moment of disk access, the
computer will display the names of the
first eight files on the disk, the location
of the files, and their current status (hid-
den, normal, locked, or splat).
The first filename also appears be-
low the list in a work box, followed by
the prompt H/N/L/S. These letters cor-
respond to the four possible status con-
ditions of each file. To change a file stat-
us, press the corresponding key: H for
hidden, N for normal, L for locked, or S
for splat.
Hidden Files
Hidden files do not appear in a normal
directory and cannot be accessed un-
til they are returned to normal status. Be-
fore you hide a file, note the file type
(PRG, SEQ, USR, or REL). This informa-
tion will be needed to return the file to
normal,
Warning: If a file is hidden, do not
save additional files to the disk or use
the VALIDATE command. Such an ac-
tion could overwrite any hidden files. Re-
turn all files to normal with the N option
before adding files to the disk.
Normal Files
The N option returns a hidden, locked,
or splat file to its original state. Any
scratched files that are on disk will ap-
pear as hidden files and can be re-
trieved using the N option.
Locked Files
The L option prevents files from being
erased with Commodore's SCRATCH
command. If you later want to erase a
locked file, use the N option to return
it to normal status. Then scratch it. A
locked file appears with a < symbol
next to its name in the directory.
Splat Files
The S option tricks the computer into be-
lieving that a file has not been closed
properly. A splat file appears in the
directory with an asterisk (*) beside its
name. It will not load or run correctly.
To reverse the effects of S, use the N
option, If a true splat file exists due to
improper file closing, use the N option
to return the file to a usable format
with most of its information intact.
When you first run Directory Aid,
most files will be listed as normal. If
you decide not to change a file's stat-
us, press N to leave it normal and to
move on to the next file. Press H to
leave a hidden file unchanged, and so
on. You can also press a cursor key to
leave a file unchanged and move on to
the next.
After you've had a chance to
change the status of the first eight
files (first sector) of the directory, the
computer writes the changes to disk
and gets the next eight files from the di-
rectory. The process continues until
there are no more files in the directory.
How It Works
All the functions of this program are
based on the first byte of any entry in
the directory. Byte O of the entry indi-
cates the file type. Bytes 1 and 2 ofa
directory entry point to the track and
sector of the first data block. Bytes 3-
18 contain the 16 characters that
make up the filename. If the name con-
tains fewer than 16 characters, it's pad-
ded with shifted spaces.
Bits 0-2 of byte 0 determine wheth-
er a file is deleted (DEL), sequential
(SEQ), program (PRG), user (USR), or
relative (REL). If bit 6 is 0, then the file
is considered normal. Set it to 1, how-
ever, and the file becomes locked and
cannot be deleted.
By changing the first byte of each en-
try, you can obtain many variations of
the file, including normal, splat, and
locked, When you remove the first char-
acter and replace it with a 0, the direc-
tory entry becomes transparent, and
the file seems to have disappeared. If
a new directory entry is added to the
disk while an entry is hidden, however,
the new entry overwrites the original hid-
den directory entry. The actual file is
still on disk, but it cannot be accessed.
The SCRATCH command works like
the H option. The file is not actually re-
moved from the disk; just the directory
entry is deleted (see above). This ena-
bles the N option to retrieve a
scratched file if its original directory en-
try has not been overwritten.
DIRECTORY AID
PK 5 REM COPYRIGHT 1993 ~ COMP
UTE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD
- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
MH 10 POKE 53280,6
QG 26 POKE 53281,0
XX 36 POKE 646,5
MK 160 TR=18:SE=1
KR 114 PRINT" {CLR} {GRN}U******
RE KKKEKKKEKEKKKEKEKEEREEE
JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE G-31
PROGRAMS
SS SS ES 1 a
RG
SR
BX
SH
ES
MR
DK
QP
PP
115
117
126
150
160
186
185
187
188
199
360
330
340
350
355
366
365
380
390
395
400
4190
415
420
425
427
436
44g
441
442
443
445
456
468
G-32
RHR ERAT Ms
i
PRINT"={RED}{4 SPACES}O
NDREJ BLAZEK'S DIRECTOR
Y AID{5 SPACES}{GRN}-";
PRINT" JRRRKAKKHKKK KARE RK
HK KKK KHER ER RRR RRR ERRER
7
PRINT" {RED}{2 SPACES}TR
K{2 SPACES}SEC
{6 SPACES}FILENAME
{8 SPACES}STATUS"
PRINT" {HOME}{15 DOWN}
{GRN} #ARKAERRAKRR KERR EEK
RRKKKKKKERKKKEEEKEEEEEN
PRINT" (GRN] ®*RRRRRR ERE
HORI KIO KICK RRR RRRR RRR ER
RRR
PRINT" {HOME}{19 DOWN}
{RED}H{GRN}...HIDE FILE
(NOT IN DIRECTORY)
PRINT" {RED}L{GRN}...LOC
K FILE (SCRATCH PROOF) "
PRINT" {RED}S{GRN}...SPL
AT{2 SPACES}FILE (UNUSA
BLE FORMAT)"
PRINT" {RED}N{GRN}...NOR
MAL FILE (RETURN TO NOR
MAL)"
PRINT" {HOME} {5 DOWN}"
vs=""
OPEN 15,8,15
OPEN 5,8,5,"#"
PRINT#15,"U1:"5;0;TR;SE
INPUT#15,E,E$,ET,ES
BS="":GET#5,XS:IF x$=""
THEN X$=CHRS (@)
FORL=1T0255
GET#5,AS
IF AS<>""THEN VS=VS+AS
IF AS=""THEN VS=VS+CHRS
(6)
NEXT: NA=G
FORT=(3-1) TO (255-1)ST
EP 32
NA=NA+1
C (NA) =ASC (MIDS (VS$,T,1))
:T (NA) =ASC (MIDS (V$,T+1,
1)):S(NA)=ASC (MIDS (V$,T
+2,1))
FS (NA) =MIDS$ (V$,T+3,16)
C(X)=(C(X) AND3) +(C(X) AN
D4)
NEXT
FORT=1 TO 8:IF T(T)=0 A
ND S(T)=0 THEN 456
PRINT "{GRN}{2 SPACES}"
T (T) PRINT" {UP}
{8 RIGHT}"S(T)
PRINT" {UP}"TAB(12)"
{RED} "CHRS (34) ; : POKE646
,5:PRINTES (T) ; : POKE646,
2: PRINTCHRS (34)
PRINT" {UP} "TAB (32);
GOSUB 1600:PRINT"{GRN}"
cs
NEXT: PRINT
CLOSE 5:CLOSE 15:GOTO 5
605
COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
KG
1606
1016
1626
1636
1646
5065
5610
5626
5025
5036
50508
5055
5066
5076
5080
5698
5166
5167
5109
5110
5120
5146
5141
5158
5155
5157
5166
5176
5186
5196
5300
53198
5326
5336
5348
5568
IF C(T)=@ THEN CS$="HID
DEN" : RETURN
IF C(T)<128 THEN CS="5
PLAT": RETURN
IF C(T)<135 THEN CS$="N
ORMAL": RETURN
IF C(T)>191 THEN CS$="L
OCKED": RETURN
CS$="2?2":RETURN
PRINT:OPEN 15,8,15
OPEN 5,8,5,"#"
FOR A=1 TO 255
IF A=2 OR (A-2)/32=INT
((A-2)/32)THEN GOSUB 5
166:GOTO 5656
PRINT#5,MIDS$(VS,A,1);
NEXT
PRINT#5,X$;
PRINT#15,"U2:"75;0;TR;
SE
CLOSE 5:CLOSE 15
SE=ASC(MIDS(V$,1,1)):1
F SE>2@ THEN PRINT"
{CLR}";:GOTO 5500
GoTo 110
X=INT (A/32)+1
C(X)=(C(X) AND3) +(C(X)A
ND4)
IF T(X)=@ AND S(X)=0 T
HEN AS="H":GOTO 5141
PRINT" {HOME} {16 DOWN}
{2 RIGHT} {RED}";CHRS (3
4)"{16 SPACES}"CHRS (34
)
PRINT" {HOME}{16 DOWN}
{3 RIGHT} {GRN}"FS(X);"
{5 RIGHT} {GRN} ({RED}H
{GRN}/{RED}N{GRN}/
{RED}L{GRN}/{RED}S
{GRN}) 2"
GET AS:IF AS="" THEN 5
140
IF T(X)>@ THEN PRINT"
{UP}{37 SPACES}":PRINT
URGE
IF AS="H" THEN QS=CHRS
(6)
IF AS<>"H" AND C(X)=6
{SPACE}THEN GOSUB 5300
IF AS<>"H" THEN QS=CHR
$(C(X) +128)
IF AS="L" THEN C(X) =C(
X) +192: QS=CHRS (C(X))
IF AS="S" THEN C(X) =C(
X)+32:QS=CHRS (C(X))
PRINT#5,QS;
RETURN
PRINT"1...SEQ 2...PRG
{SPACE}3...REL 4...USR
"
GET A$:IF VAL(A$)<1l OR
VAL(A$)>4 THEN 5316
C(X) =VAL (A$)
PRINT" {UP}{38 SPACES}"
:PRINT"{UP}";
RETURN
PRINT"{CLR}";:GOSUB 99
oo
HB 5505 IF E THEN PRINT"{CLR}D
ISK ERROR: "E;E$;T;S:PR
INT"{2 DOWN}"
PRINT" {DOWN} {RED} WARNI
NG:"
PRINT" {DOWN} {GRN}IF AN
Y¥ FILES ARE HIDDEN, DO
{RED}NOT{GRN} USE"
PRINT"THE DISK {RED}VA
LIDATE{GRN} COMMAND, O
R ADD"
PRINT"ANY OTHER FILES
{SPACE}TO THE DISK."
PRINT" {DOWN}TO ADD FIL
ES TO THIS DISK, UNHID
5"
PRINT"ALL FILES BEFORE
SAVING."
PRINT"{2 DOWN}?FILES A
LTERED"; : END
OPEN 15,8,15:INPUT#15,
E,E$,T,S:CLOSE 15:RETU
RN
BB 5567
HP 5519
PJ 5526
Cs 5536
JK 5540
FD 5556
PK 5566
JJ 9666
Ondfej Blazek lives in Kingston, Ontar-
jo, Canada.
CATS AND MICE
By Maurice Yanney
You're the mouse in this fast-paced one-
player game for the 64, and you try toma-
neuver through various mazes to reach a
number of cheeses. To add a little excite-
ment to the game, the cheeses can also
move. To make things more interesting,
several cats are chasing you.
The object of this game is quite sim-
ple: Eat all the cheese while avoiding the
cats. While the object is simple, accom-
plishing the task requires skill, patience
practice, and a little luck.
Typing It In
Cats and Mice is written entirely in ma-
chine language, but it loads and runs
like a BASIC program. To type it in,
use MLX, our machine language entry
program; see “Typing Aids” elsewhere
in this section. When MLX prompts
you, respond with the following values.
Starting address: 0801
Ending address: 1B33
Be sure to save a copy of the program
before exiting MLX.
Chase the Cheese
After you load and run Cats and Mice,
press the space bar or the joystick fire
button to start the game. The object of
this game is to move your mouse
around each maze eating the cheese
and avoiding the cats.
To move, use the joystick in either
port, or use the I, J, K, and M keys to
move up, left, right, and down respec-
tively. (I highly recommend using a joy-
stick to play this game.)
When the mouse bites a piece of
cheese, the cheese shrinks and
moves to a new location. To finish off
a piece of cheese, the mouse must hit
it five times. When all three pieces of
cheese are eaten, the mouse moves
on to the next level. Every time you com-
plete two levels, you're presented with
anew maze.
As you move the mouse about the
maze, you'll notice that the pursuing
cats have a speed advantage. You
can make the mouse move faster by
pressing the joystick button or the
space bar. This can help you out of
some tight spots, but use the added
speed sparingly, as it's used up very
quickly. The bottom of the screen
shows the amount of speed remaining.
When your energy is depleted, press-
ing the joystick button or the space bar
will not increase the speed of the
mouse.
Scoring
If one of the four cats touches the
mouse, that mouse drops from the
screen. You begin with five mice and
are awarded a new mouse for every
5000 points. You earn 100 points
each time the mouse eats a part of a
piece of cheese. You earn 1000
points for completing a level. Bonus
points are also given at the end of
each level for any unused speed that
may remain.
To pause the game, hold down the
Shift key or press the Shift Lock key.
To continue playing, release the Shift
key or press the Shift Lock key again.
CATS AND MICE
0801:0B GB GA GG 9E 26 32 36 A4
6869:36 32 G8 GB GB AD 8G 8D FS
@811:91 @2 85 A2 AQ Gl 8D 6D 1F
@819:1B A9 BF AG 18 20 1E AB 4C
@821:A9 GE 8D 26 D@ AY BG 8D F7
@829:21 D® 29 AG GC 26 3D GB D2
9831:20 EB GA 20 8B G9 AY BB 63
G839:8D 15 D@ A9 FF 8D 1B D@ 47
@841:A9 F2 85 FD A9 17 85 FE 27
@849:26 1B 17 4C E7 68 AS C5 48
G851:C9
@859:7F
@861:D8
@869:AD
@871:8D
6879:2G
9881:14
6889:69
@891:14
G899:20
@8A1:9A
@8A9:8D
$8B1:93
68B9:63
@8C1:6D
@8C9:26
@8D1:20
@8D9:1B
@8E1:01
G8E9:C9
G8F1:00
@8F9:99
G961:14
6969:0E
G911:03
6919:20
9921:C9
G929:18
G931:FO
G939:4C
6941:1B
G949:6B
G951:E8
6959:CB
6961:69
9969:8D
6971:B9
G979:36
6981:17
@989:F5
G991:38
6999:D0
G9A1:06
@9A9:88
G9B1:D6
@9B9:07
@9C1:07
@9C9:8D
@9D1:66
@9D9:1B
@9E1:1B
G9E9:1B
@9F1:1B
G9F9:A9
GAG1:A9
GAG9:42
@A11:E9
GA19:6A
GA21:26
GA29:BG
GA31:C9
GA39:248
GA41:16
GA49:G5
GA51:68
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GA79:8D
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GAF1:63
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@B51:8D
@B59:8C
@B61:290
@B69:8D
@B71:8C
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@B89:57
@B91:88
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@BA1:6D
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@C51:AD
@C59:8D
0C61:66
GC69:29
@C71:17
@C79:98
GCA9:18
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@5 8D 39
60 BE 41
43 1B AA
41 1B 26
AC 46 1B
DG DF 68
41 1B 8C
AA B9 4C
26 DB GA
1B E8 C8
68 GA 8D
1B 9D 60
66 AG 3F
99 7F 63
2F 88 DO
18 99 46
cB 63 99
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@C 8D 28
67 AD OL
8D FB 07
A9 CG 8D
2B DO 66
BF @2 88
AQ @B 8D
27 DB 66
3E 1B 20
D2 14 26
57 1B 66
3E 1B A9
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@B 29 DD
1B AQ 61
8C 3F 1B
1B 88 8C
DG GE 26
AS 66 8D
AC 3E 1B
06 68 AC
1B 29 76
@B AS 62
68 AC 3F
AS 66 60
1B AC 3F
GA AE 34
58 1B 8D
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Dc 29 16
69 1B AS
26 55 OB
D@ 86 26
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26 BC 6B
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JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE
1B
61
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96
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78
53
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78
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G-33
— nN
PROGRAMS
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G-34 COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
GEE1:AC 49 1B B9 5B 1B C9 62 4G
GEE9:FG 10 26 76 GE D@ BB AD G5
GEF1:59 1B 69 62 8D 59 1B 20 EA
GEF9:Cl 14 AC 40 1B B9 5B 1B 27
GFG1:C9 G8 FG 16 26 25 GE DG AT
GFG9:6B AD 59 1B 69 64 8D 59 Cl
OF11:1B 26 Cl 14 AC 40 1B B9 94
GF19:5B 1B C9 64 FO 16 26 43 70
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GF41:C9 G2 DG G4 26 D1 OD 6G El
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GFA1:FO 3B AE 41 1B BD 43 1B 62
GFA9:ED 3E 1B C9 68 90 31 AD EG
GFB1:3E 1B FD 43 1B C9 68 90 4A
GFB9:27 BD 43 1B CD 3E 1B FG 83
GFCl:1F AD 3F 1B FD 44 1B C9 75
GFC9:69 99 3B BD 44 1B CD 3F 3D
OFD1:1B FO 33 BD 44 1B ED 3F AS
GFD9:1B C9 68 96 29 AD BB 6B 52
OFE1:BD 44 1B CD 3F 1B BO OF @7
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1949:14
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JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE
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G-35
PROGRAMS
TS a SL I ES LS SES Be TTS EERE AOE BOE aS
19D1:06 G1 67 OB 62 G1 G7 GF GA
19D9:96 61 OB G3 66 G1 OB GB 36
19E1:62 01 OB GF 66 G1 GF G3 FC
19E9:66 G1 GF OB G2 G1 GF GF 33
19F1:066 G1 13 G3 66 61 13 OB SF
19F9:62 G1 13 OF 66 G1 17 G3 26
1AG1:66 61 17 GB 62 61 17 GF 5D
1A69:66 61 1B 63 66 61 1B OB 89
1A11:02 61 1B GF 66 G1 GO G3 12
1A19:93 6B 686 11 63 OB 66 G3 ED
1A21:06 G5 86 BB G6 G3 BG 11 97
1A29:06 63 66 17 66 G5 G6 67 DD
1A31:67 64 61 67 BD G4 G1 GB FF
1A39:99 66 G1 13 69 66 G1 17 3E
1A41:67 64 G1 17 BD 64 Gl 63 O69
1A49:09 66 G1 OF 69 66 G1 1B 12
1A51:09 66 G1 63 11 G5 GG OB 83
1A59:11 63 66 11 11 63 66 17 93
1A61:11 G5 6G 63 14 OB BG 11 6D
1A69:14 6B 66 OG G7 G3 G3 BG B4
1A71:15 63 63 66 G3 63 B8 Gl 86
1A79:GD G3 68 61 11 63 G8 Gl AB
1A81:1B 63 68 G1 G7 66 G3 BO 6B
1A89:15 66 83 86 67 B7 GA G1 93
1A91:69 67 BA 61 15 B7 BA Bl 37
1A99:17 67 GA 61 63 BD GB G1 C9
1AA1:0D OD 68 G1 11 GBD G8 G1 7E
1AA9:1B GD 68 G1 G7 11 G3 OG 42
1AB1:15 11 63 66 67 14 63 G6 A3
1AB9:15 14 63 66 66 13 G1 G3 2F
1AC1:61 17 63 64 61 1B 63 07 5E
1AC9:61 G3 63 69 66 GF G3 63 75
1AD1:01 63 64 62 61 GB G6 O5 2D
1AD9:49 13 G6 03 61 G7 G6 G2 F5
1AE1:01 63 68 65 60 GF 69 G5 FB
1AE9:00 17 G9 63 61 OB G9 G2 7D
1AF1:01 63 OB 69 66 G3 BC 63 86
1AF9:61 13 6C 65 66 1B GC 64 CD
1B61:00 OF BC 62 G1 G7 GE G9 E5
1B99:00 67 GF G3 61 17 GF G5 9A
1B11:06 13 OF G2 G1 63 11 G4 48
1B19:01 6B 11 69 66 GB 12 G3 98
1B21:01 17 12 62 61 67 14 G3 4F
1B29:01 OF 14 69 6G 1B 12 G3 4A
1B31:61 66 GB 64 66 BB GB BB E7
Maurice Yanney, the author of Balloon
Pop (August 1992), lives in Lebanon,
Pennsylvania,
FASTBALL
By Daniel Lightner
When you fill a disk with programs, it can
be difficult to remember what each pro-
gram does. Filenames are not always
helpful in determining what a program
does. Games and utilities can be mixed
in with productivity programs and pro-
gramming aids. Fastball helps you to or-
ganize a disk by placing related pro-
grams into categories, but that’s not all.
It's also amenu-driven utility that makes
loading and running programs a snap.
With Fastball, you can designate up to
nine categories on a disk and assign pro-
G-36 COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
grams on that disk to those categories.
You can designate whatever categories
best suit your needs.
Not only does Fastball let you separate
your disk programs into ‘different cate-
gories, it also stores information about the
way the programs load and execute. If a
program needs a certain SYS address to
run, Fastball stores that information for
you and uses it when needed.
Typing It In
Fastball is written in machine language
and must be entered using MLX, our
machine language entry program; see
“Typing Aids” elsewhere in this sec-
tion. When MLX prompts, respond
with the following values,
Starting address: 0801
Ending address: 1598
Be sure to save a copy of Fastball be-
fore exiting MLX.
Running the Program
Fastball can be loaded and run like
any BASIC program. When it's activat-
ed, amenu of nine options appears on
the screen. Just follow the prompts.
Categories
When you first run the program, you
won't have any categories established.
Insert a disk that contains a number of
programs that you wish to categorize.
You can check the disk's directory
names by selecting option 8. Directory
listings can be stopped and restarted
by pressing any key.
Viewing the programs on disk will
give you some idea of what category
names you'll need. When you have de-
cided upon a category, select option 3
to add the category to your list. If for
any reason you have picked an option
that you wish to cancel, just hit the Re-
turn key.
After you've entered one or more cat-
egories, you can start entering pro-
gram names. Use option 2 from the
menu. You'll be prompted for the cate-
gory you wish to use and then for the
program's name.
Other Options
Next, you must indicate whether the pro-
gram executes from a RUN command
or a SYS command. Select RUN if
that's all your program requires. If it re-
quires a SYS command, you'll need to
know the address that follows the SYS.
If you're entering a boot program that
loads and executes another program,
you'll need to choose the SYS option
and enter any five-digit number.
Option 1 allows you to see the pro-
gram names and how they're arranged
under the different categories. Options
4 and 5 make it simple to delete pro-
grams and categories. If a category is
deleted, the program names under
that category will be deleted as well.
After you've finished entering informa-
tion, you can save the file using option
6. If you want to add or edit programs
or categories later, you can edit at any
time by using option 7.
Using Fastball
When you're ready to exit Fastball,
just choose option 9. Fastball will save
your custom menu to the disk with a
shifted Q character. (Think of this as
the fastball shape on your keyboard.)
This will be a stand-alone menu pro-
gram that you can put on any disk. Fast-
ball itself need not be on your disk.
When you're ready to use a disk,
you can quickly load the new menu by
typing LOAD and then holding down
the Shift key while typing the quote-Q-
quote sequence. When the menu ap-
pears, you'll be presented with a list of
your categories. By typing the number
that corresponds to the category, you
can view all of the programs listed un-
der that category. Type the letter that
corresponds to a desired program,
and that program will load and run.
FASTBALL
G861:1E 08 GA 66 9E 32 38 38 BY
G869:38 286 68 GB GB BB BG BB 3D
@811:08 66 G6 GG GB GB GB BB 21
9819:06 86 G6 BG GB BG BB GG 29
G821:08 GB GG BB GB BG BB 26 51
@829:CC FF A9 34 8D 14 63 AO 84
9831:Cl 8D 18 63 A9 94 8D BG 14
9839:62 A9 15 8D Bl 62 AO BG 19
0841:8D 26 DG 8D 21 DB AG BG AG
0849:B9 DE 16 26 D2 FF C8 C@ DA
@851:F7 D@ F5 A9 Fl 85 FB AQ 32
9859:04 85 FC 26 E4 FF C9 G8 29
0861:F@ F9 C9 31 98 F5 C9 3A DE
0869:BG Fl 48 38 E9 34 AA CA OB
0871:EG OG FO 69 26 GF BA 28 12
6879:0F GA 4C 76 68 AG BB Bl 98
9881:FB 18 69 88 91 FB C8 C@ 99
9889:15 DG F4 68 C9 31 FO 35 AT
G891:C9
@899:C9
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G8B9:30
@8C1:56
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G8E1:99
G8E9:GE
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G8F9:20
6961:05
G969:A9
@911:FF
@919:DC
0921:28
G@929:FF
G931:FC
9939:FE
0941:6A
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@959:FE
@961:AD
0969:20
0971:C9
O9793E7
G981:62
G989:83
@991:14
9999:C9
@9A1:65
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G9C1:26
g9c9:11
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G9D9:FD
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G9F1:4C
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GAG1:18
GAG9:FE
GA11:FB
GA19:00
GA21:01
GA29:FC
@A31:AD
GA39:C4
GA41:26
@A49:6B
@AS51:A9
@A59:C9
GA61:62
GA69:BB
GOA71:FG
GA79:AG
GA81:85
GA89:1E
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GA99:8F
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GAA9: 2A
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@AC1:25
GAC9:GA
@AD1:1D
@AD9:20
GAE1:61
GAE9:GA
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GB69: 26
@B11:6D
@B19:A7
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@B31:20
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GB49:GF
@B51:00
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@B61:1E
GB69: 20
@B71:FG
@B79:A9
@B81:26
@B89:55
@B91:GE
@B99:88
@BA1: 03
OBAI: 08
OBB1:33
GBB9: G2
@BC1:6F
@BC9:34
@BD1:FB
@BD9:69
@BE1:FB
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6C19:76
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@C29:26
0C31:69
GC39:D2
@C41:FB
@C49:C8
@C51:8E
@C59:C8
@C61:98
@C69:66
6cC71:6C
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GD81:00 B9 35 G3 A2 GG DD 26 D7
D89:16 FO G8 E8 EG GA DO F6 3F
GDA1:AG 66 BY 35 G3 DI 36 18 86
@DA9:BG G3 4C C4 GD DI 38 16 F2
@DB1:F@ 93 4C BE BD C8 CG G5 8C
GDB9:FG G3 4C A3 BD AY Gl 8D 6F
GDC1:D9 62 68 EA A9 BG 8D D7 44
@DC9:62 8D D8 G2 AG BO AE 34 1A
@DD1:63 CA BD 35 106 8D DA @2 99
@DD9:BD 3A 16 8D DB 62 BI 35 CB
GDE1:63 8C DC 62 38 E9 30 AB CE
@DE9:18 CO GG F@ 17.18 AD D7 9B
@DF1:62 6D DA G2 8D D7 62 AD 61
GDF9:D8 G2 6D DB G2 8D D8 G2 66
GEG1:88 4C E9 BD AC DC G2 CA 2A
@EG9:C8 CC 34 63 DG C4 66 26 ED
9E11:BB GF AE DA 14 E@ 69 FB 79
GE19:24 EG G6 FO G7 26 OF GA 6F
@E21:CA 4C 1A GE 26 FB OF 28 69
GE29:9B GE CE 34 G3 AD BO BY 68
GE31:35 63 91 FB C8 CC 34 63 7F
@E39:D6 F5 EE DA 14 4C 47 68 2F
@E41:A9 GG 8D DC G2 AS BA 28 ED
GE49:B4 FF AQ 6F 85 B9 26 96 D5
GE51:FF 26 C4 GF 26 C9 OF AG ES
GE59:00 26 D2 FF 99 DD 62 C8 E8
@E61:26 A5 FF C9 GD DG F2 26 45
GE69:D2 FF 26 AB FF AD DE @2 24
GE71:C9 36 DG GB AD DF G2 C9 D3
GE79:38 DG G1 6G AY B61 8D DC 51
GE81:62 66 AG GB 2G C4 BF BY BE
GE89:3F 16 20 D2 FF C8 CO 33 52
GE91:D@ FS 26 E4 FF C9 GG FG FD
GEB1:C9 14 FO 34 C9 BD FB 1C 99
GEB9:C9 20 98 ED C9 22 FO E9 56
GEE1:03 99 35 63 EE 34 G3 68 6B
GEE9:AC 34 63 CB G1 BO G3 4C F2
GF19:C@ FP AOS GF 20 C3 FF 4C 1A
JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE G-37
PROGRAMS
SS
@F21:CC
GF29:DG
OF31:FF
@F39:BD
@F41:26
GF49:26
GF51:AG
GF59:A5
OF61:FF
GF69:CG
GF71:26
GF79:0F
GF81:FF
GF89:FG
@F91:C9
GF99:C4
@FA1:C6
OFA9: 8F
GFB1:Bl
@FB9:1D
@FC1:85
@FC9:A9
GFD1:AG
@FD9:C8
OFE1:B9
OFE9:13
OFF1:19
GFF9:F5
1661:D2
1669:AG
19611:C8
1619:2c
1621:57
1629333
1631:35
1639:16
1641:4C
1049:52
1651: 4B
1059:56
1661:2A
1669:59
1071:@D
1079: 41
1681:3F
1089: 4F
1691:58
10699:@D
10A1:4E
10A9:53
16B1:4F
106B9:41
16C1:26
1609349
19D1:52
16D9:55
16E1:26
10E9:4C
16F1:49
10F9:56
1161:31
1169:58
1111:42
1119:4E
1121:4C
1129:26
1131:52
1139:6D
1141:53
1149:41
FE.
8D
AQ
Ey
BA
C6
6G
CB
8D
62
E4
26
4c
04
49
OF
FF
85
FB
GA
FC
26
C4)
co
AB
Dg
26
66
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oo
ca
58
53
34
35
oo
41
45
20
45
26
26
20
54
@D
45
45
6D
@D
26
46
4D
43
45
26
4D
46
26
SA
59
39
55
4c
53
54
52
45
@D
54
4D
G-38 COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
1151:41
1159:4F
1161:2E
1169:43
1171:6D
1179:45
1181:4F
44
47
26
41
26
54
47
11A1:53
11A9:45
11B1:41
11B9:26
41
@D
44
38
11E1:06
11E9:96
86
Us)
1249:FB
1251:Cc8
CrPQQAanndnanwoao
12B1:8D
12B9:0B
12C1:A9
12C9:FB
12D1:F6
12D9:F9
12E1:FB
12E9:FC
12F1:62
12F9:D2
1361:D2
1369:EE
1311:A9
1319:80
1321:42
a
PNORPRQWHONN
cg
4c
A7
Bl
65
85
53
6B
B9
GA
FO
90
EQ
AA
85
6D
cD
50
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85
4c
co
FF
FE
Ag
28
Bo
99
D2
cD
Bl
66
FB
c8
9D
FB
AC
4c
26
1381:F5 20 £4 FF C9 60 FG F9 71
1389:C9 2A FO 15 C9 41 98 Fl F4
1391:CD A9 62 B@ EC 8D AB @2 4B
1399:A9 61 8D AA G2 4C EG G8 3C
13A1:60 4C 2B 68 AG GG BO 8D F6
13A9:6A 99 77 62 C8 CO G6 DG 7G
13B1:F5 A9 G6 85 C6 AY 93 26 7A
13B9:D2 FF A9 GD 20 D2 FF 20 BB
13C1:D2 FF 26 D2 FF 20 D2 FF A8
13C9:A@ 6G AD BD 26 D2 FF BO 4C
13D1:93 GA 26 D2 FF C8 CO @5 1F
13D9:D@ F5 AG GB EE 34 63 BY G2
13E1:35 63 26 D2 FF C8 CC 34 85
13E9:63 D@ F4 AQ 22 26 D2 FF 36
13F1:A9 2C 26 D2 FF AQ 38 28 60
13F9:D2 FF A9 2C 26 D2 FF AD 7B
1461:A7 62 C9 G1 DB 26 AD 38 69
1499:286 D2 FF A9 GD 26 D2 FF 1F
1411:20 D2 FF 26 D2 FF 26 D2 Ag
1419:FF 20 D2 FF A@ 6G BO 98 B4
1421:0A 20 D2 FF C8 C@ 63 DO DG
1429:F5 4C 87 GA AO 31 26 D2 16
1431:FF A9 BD 26 D2 FF 26 D2 11
1439:FF 20 D2 FF 20 D2 FF 20 30
1441:D2 FF A9 53 20 D2 FF AQ 33
1449:59 20 D2 FF A9 53 26 D2 2E
1451:FF AD AD 62 AE AC 62 20 97
1459:CD BD A9 13 26 D2 FF 66 EA
1461:4E 45 57 @D OD GD 4c 4F 42
1469:41 44 22 52 55 4E 6D 1D C7
1471:1D 51 26 28 51 55 49 54 49
1479:93 @D 26 46 41 53 54 42 59
1481:41 4C 4C @D 20 43 4F 59 B4
1489:59 52 49 47 48 54 26 31 95
1491:39 39 33 206 43 4F 4D 50 4F
1499:55 54 45 6D 20 58 55 42 2A
14A1:4C 49 43 41 54 49 4F 4E 73
14A9:53 20 49 4E 54 4C 26 4C Fl
14B1:54 44 @D 26 41 4C 4C 26 AC
14B9:52 49 47 48 54 53 20 52 4D
14C1:45 53 45 52 56 45 44 @D 8C
14C9:6D 1D 1D 48 49 54 26 2A ED
14D1:20 54 4F 20 41 42 4F 52 OF
14D9:54 66 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 8C
14E1:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A GA
14E9:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 12
14F1:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 1A
14F9:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 22
1561:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2B
1599:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 33
1511:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 3B
1519:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 43
1521:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 4B
1529:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 53
1531:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 5B
1539:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 63
1541:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 6B
1549:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 73
1551:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 7B
1559:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 83
1561:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 8B
1569:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 93
1571:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 9B
1579:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A A3
1581:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A AB
1589:2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A GG 6G 35
1591:66 GG GG GB GB BG GB BG BB
Daniel Lightner is a frequent contribu-
tor. He lives in Sidney, Montana. GO
THE AUTOMATIC PROOFREADER
Philip 1. Nelson
The Automatic Proofreader helps you
type in program listings for the 128 and
64 and prevents nearly every kind of
typing mistake.
Type in Proofreader exactly as list-
ed. Because the program can't check
itself, be sure to enter each line care-
fully to avoid typographical errors or oth-
er mistakes. Don't omit any lines, even
if they contain unusual commanas. Af-
ter you've finished, save a copy of the
program before running it.
Next, type RUN and press Return. Af-
ter the program displays the message
Proofreader Active, you're ready to
type in a BASIC program.
Every time you finish typing a line
and press Return, Proofreader displays
a two-letter checksum in the upper left
corner of the screen. Compare this re-
sult with the two-letter checksum print-
ed to the left of the line in the program
listing. If the letters match, the line prob-
ably was typed correctly. If not, check
for your mistake and correct the line. Al-
so, be sure not to skip any lines.
Proofreader ignores spaces not en-
closed in quotation marks, so you can
omit or add spaces between keywords
and still see a matching checksum.
Spaces inside quotes are almost al-
ways significant, so the program pays
attention to them.
Proofreader does not accept key-
word abbreviations (for example, ? in-
stead of PRINT). If you use abbrevi-
ations, you can still check the line by
listing it, moving the cursor back to the
line, and pressing Return.
If you're using Proofreader on the
128, do not perform any GRAPHIC com-
mands while Proofreader is active.
When you perform a command like
GRAPHIC 1, the computer moves eve-
rything at the start of BASIC program
space—including the Proofreader—to
another memory area, causing Proof-
reader to crash. The same thing hap-
pens if you run any program with a
GRAPHIC command while Proofreader
is in memory.
Though Proofreader doesn’t interfere
with other BASIC operations, it’s a
good idea to disable it before running
another program. To disable it, turn the
computer off and then on. A gentler
method is to SYS to the computer's
built-in reset routine (65341 for the 128,
64738 for the 64).
AUTOMATIC PROOFREADER
@ CLR
1@ VE=PEEK (772) +256*PEEK (773):
LO=43:HI=44: PRINT" {CLR}
{WHT }AUTOMATIC PROOFREADER
{SPACE}FOR ";
26 IF VE=42364 THEN PRINT "64"
30 IF VE=17165 THEN LO=45:HI=4
6:WAIT CLR:PRINT"128"
4@ SA=(PEEK (LO) +256*PEEK (HI) ) +
6:FOR J=SA TO SA+166:READ B
:POKE J,B:CH=CH+B:NEXT
56 IF CH<>26570 THEN PRINT "*E
RROR* CHECK TYPING IN DATA
{SPACE}STATEMENTS” :END
66 FOR J=1 TO 5:READ RF,LF,HF:
RS=SA+RF :HB=INT (RS/256) : LB=
RS~(256*HB)
76 CH=CH+RF+LF+HF:POKE SA+LF,L
B:POKE SA+HF,HB:NEXT
86 IF CH<>22054 THEN PRINT "*E
RROR* RELOAD PROGRAM AND CH
ECK FINAL LINE":END
96 IF VE=17165 THEN POKE SA+14
,22:POKE SA+18,23:POKESA+29
, 224: POKESA+139,224
POKE SA+149,PEEK(772) :POKE
SA+15@,PEEK(773) : PRINT"
{CLR}PROOFREADER ACTIVE"
SYS SA:POKE HI,PEEK(HI)+1:
POKE (PEEK (LO) +256*PEEK (HI
))-1,8:NEW
DATA126,169,73,141,4,3,169
73,141,5,3,88,96,165,28,13
3,167
DATA165,21,133,168,169,9,1
41,9,255,162,31,181,199,15
7,227
DATA3,262,16,248,169,19,32
1216,255,169,18,32,216,255
7160
DATAG,132,186,132,176,136,
230,180,200,185,6,2,246,46
7261
DATA34,268,8,72,165,176,73
7255,133,176,194,72,261,32
7268
DATA7,165,176,298,3,104,29
8,226,104,166,186,24,165,1
67
DATA121,6,2,133,167,165,16
8,165,9,133,168,292,208,23
9,246
DATA262,165,167,69,168,72,
41,15,168,185,211,3,32,218
7255
DATA1@4,74,74,74,74,168,18
5,211,3,32,210,255,162,31,
189
DATA227,3,149,199,262,16,2
48,169,146,32,216,255,76,8
6,137
DATA65,66,67,68,69,78,71,7
2,74,75,77,86,81,82,83,88
DATA 13,2,7,167,31,32,151,
116,117,151,128,129,167,13
6,137 og
106
116
126
136
146
156
166
176
186
196
200
216
226
236
ONLY
ON
DISK
Here are the bonus programs that you'll
find on this month's Gazette Disk.
Totalizer
By Randy Clemmons
San Diego, CA
Totalizer is a handy two-field database
that lets you enter a descriptive name in
one field and a number in the other.
These could be inventory items and pric-
es, names and grades, checkbook en-
tries and amounts—anything you like,
up to 500 items.
With Totalizer you can sort items, add
amounts, compute averages, keep run-
ning totals, compute taxes on totals,
and more. Once you have created a
file, you can edit, insert, delete, move,
view, and print your listing at any time.
You'll be able to use this flexible utility
in numerous ways around the home or
Office,
Connect the Dots
By Richard Sands
Sandy Springs, GA
The object of this game is to draw the
fourth side of a square, thus “owning”
that square. The more squares you
own, the higher your score.
The game begins with a5 x 5 grid of
25 dots. You draw a horizontal or verti-
Cal line connecting 2 dots, and then the
computer draws one. You alternate draw-
ing lines anywhere on the grid until one
of you can complete a square. The
game continues until all 16 squares are
filled. There are five levels of difficulty to
challenge the whole family.
You can have these programs and all
the others that appear in this issue by
ordering the January Gazette Disk. The
price is $9.95 plus $2.00 shipping and
hancling. Send your order to Gazette
Disk, COMPUTE Publications, 324
West Wendover Avenue, Suite 200,
Greensboro, North Carolina 27408.
=
JANUARY 1993 COMPUTE G-39
HOW TO TYPE IN GAZETTE PROGRAMS
Each month, Gazette publishes pro-
grams for the Commodore 128 and 64.
Each program is clearly marked as be-
ing written for the 128, 64, or both. Be
sure to type in the correct version for
your machine. All 64 programs run on
the 128 in 64 mode. Be sure to read the
instructions in the corresponding article.
This can save time and eliminate any
questions which might arise after you be-
gin typing.
At irregular intervals, we publish two
programs designed to make typing in
our programs easier: The Automatic
Proofreader, for BASIC programs, and a
128 and 64 version of MLX, for entering
machine language programs. In order to
make more room for programs, we do
not print these handy utilities in every is-
sue of the magazine. Copies of these pro-
grams are available on every Gazette
Disk. If you don't have access to a disk,
write us, and we'll send you free copies
of both of these programs. Please en-
close a stamped, self-addressed enve-
lope. Write to Typing Aids, COMPUTE’s
Gazette, 324 West Wendover Avenue,
Suite 200, Greensboro, North Carolina
27408.
When entering a BASIC program, be
especially careful with DATA statements,
as they are extremely sensitive to errors.
A mistyped number in a DATA state-
ment can cause your machine to “lock
up” (you'll have no control over the com-
When You Read:
{CLR}
{HOME}
{UP}
{DOWN}
CLR/HOME
CLRIHOME
T crsr |
f_crsr |
+— CRSR —
{LEFT}
{RIGHT}
+— CRSR —
{RVS}
{OFF}
{BLK}
{WHT}
{RED}
{CYN}
G-40 COMPUTE JANUARY 1993
puter). If this happens, the only recourse
is to turn your computer off and then on,
erasing what was in memory. This could
cause you to lose valuable data, so be
sure to save a program before you run
it. lf your computer crashes, you can al-
ways reload the program and look for
the error.
Special Characters
Most of the programs listed in each is-
sue contain special control characters.
To facilitate typing in any programs
from Gazette, use the following listing
conventions.
The most common type of control char-
acters in our listings appear as words
within braces: {DOWN} means to press
the cursor-down key; {5 SPACES}
means to press the space bar five
times. {RVS} means to enter Reverse
mode by simultaneously pressing the
Ctrl key and the 9 key.
To indicate that a key should be shift-
ed (hold down the Shift key while press-
ing another key), the character is under-
lined. For example, A means hold down
the Shift key and press A. You may see
strange characters on your screen, but
that’s to be expected. If you find a num-
ber followed by an underlined key en-
closed in braces (for example, {8 A}),
type the key as many times as indicated
(in our example, enter eight shifted A’s).
If a key is enclosed in special brack-
When You Read:
{PUR}
{GRN}
{BLU}
{YEL} H
{Fi}
{FP}
{FB}
{F }
{ F5 }
{ Fo }
{ F7 }
{ F8}
ets, [<>], hold down the Commodore
key (at the lower left corner of the key-
board) and at the same time press the in-
dicated character.
Rarely, you'll see a single letter of the
alphabet enclosed in braces. This can
be entered on the Commodore 64 by
pressing the Ctrl key while typing the let-
ter in braces. For example, {A} means to
press Cirl-A.
The Quote Mode
You can move the cursor around the
screen with the Crsr keys, but you may
want to move it under program control,
as in examples like {LEFT} and {HOME}
in the listings. The only way the comput-
er can tell the difference between direct
and programmed cursor control is the
quote mode.
Once you press the quote key, you're
in quote mode. It can be confusing
when you are in this mode if you
mistype a character and cursor left to
change it. You'll see a graphics symbol
for cursor left. Use the delete key to
back up and edit the line from the begin-
ning. Type another quotation mark to get
out of quote mode.
If things get too confusing, exit quote
mode by pressing Return; then cursor
up to the mistyped line and fix it. If the
mistake involves cursor movement, how-
ever, you must press the quote key to
reenter quote mode. a)
When You Read:
<
|]
For Commodore 64 Only
COMMODORE
E1q
E2q
E34
kag
Esq
EJ
E73
ks
COMMODORE
[coMmonort]
COMMODORE
COMMODORE
COMMODORE)
[COMMODORE
OAS
1
2
[3]
4
5
6
7
8
COMMODORE)
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American
Libraries
TV News
Understanding
9/11